Activities in Kothamangalam valley
Being the area under large plantations of Rubber, Coconut and Spices nourished by the Periyar River, we have ample spots to explore on plantations as “The First Attempt to plant rubber as commercial undertaking by the Periayar Syndicate is at Thattekad along the River Periyar by 1902. Thattekad is one of the well protected Bird Sanctuaries in the world named after the Great Ornithologist Dr SALIM ALI.
A visit to Thattekad bird sanctuary by boat or car, bird watching can be arranged with the guidance of BBC recommended ornithologist Tour of the plantation where you can see the process from procurement to packing of rubber Bee keeping for honey and pollination of vanilla can be observed at close quarters. Visit to Kodanad elephant training camp Visit to 600-odd year old temples and 440 year old church.
Activities in Mundakayam valley, Koottickal and Kanjirapally
Plantation walks in the bungalow of your accommodation.
All the bungalows offered in the valley have wonderful trails for mild walks within the estae or by the streams and rivers.
At Koottickal and Yendayar a walk along the Pullakayar (River Pullaka ) which enter Mundayam and joins the Manimalayar which originate from a mountain above Yendayar ,near the Erumulachi kallu.
Visit the old rubber estates established in 1900s
Visit some of the oldest rubber plantations, Travancore rubber and Tea Company, Boyce estate, the old Murphy estate Eldorado estate and Kutikul estate to get an insight of the evolution of rubber plantation in India.
There are ideal picnic spots within theses estates.
Rubber processing Factories
Visit the unique Pale latex Crepe factory at Kutikul estae and latex centrifuge at Boyce estate.
Mundakayam club
The tennis court is set among the greenery amidst thick foliage of shady trees and large palms. Billiards table is kept in perfect shape were snooker or billiards can be played with members on prior notice. Tables are always set ready for a game of table tennis, and a small library consisting of some rare books will interest a casual reader.
J J Murphy’s bungalow and grave yard
At Yendayar, we have the J J Murphy bungalow now functioning as a school, a few minutes away is his grave yard in Mattumala hillock.
Paragliding
Take part in the annual paragliding meet at Vagamon in March or April (or just be a visitor) Many gliders from Europe take part. A windy road take you up from Yendayar to Vagamon which is a scenic drive.
Interesting Properties for Visit
We can visit many bungalows (Tharavads –Ancestral homes) with unique styles indigenous to Travancore which is found in curious blend of Kerala architecture to the western.
Activities and attractions on Peermade hills.
Glenrock Estate
The estate is college of multi crop plantations of tea cardamom coffe and vanilla with numerous waterfalls and an artificial lake for you to have a complete round of activities in Peermade.
Ashley Tea Estate
A visit to the estate to watch tea plucking in the organic tea garden and organic manure compost yard.
C M S Church
The CMS Church at Pallikunnu, Peermade was built by the support of the planters were many of the pioneers are laid to rest. J D Munro is the prominent among them. Built in the 18th century European style, the church bears a testimony to the culture of the pioneer planters. Surrounded by dreamy cypress trees and lots of flowering plants is the building overlaying mild Gothic architecture.
Peermade Club
Peermade Club where you can play golf, snooker or billiards Here get some interaction with local planters.
Penshurst Estate
Penshurst tea estate is where the first tea was planted in the peermade region by the pioneer F M Parker way back in 1875.
Today the estate produces one of the finest teas from the peermade hills under the Malankara plantation company.
Ashley Tea Factory
Visit the tea factory built in 1938 owned by the estate which is still in perfect working condition
Amrithamedu Peak
A guided trek to Amrithamedu Peak which is above 7700 feet high can be organized for the physically fit. Treks for the more energetic –ranging from 3 hours to 6 hours bordering the from the Glenrock estate point.
Travancore Summer Palace
Visit the old Travancore maharaja’s summer home nearby which was built in 1900 by Sree Moolam Thirunal which is presently abandoned. Enjoy the functional spaces around the house built in grand scale.
Madamakulam and Irumulachipara
On the northern side of the Amritha hills, at Kuttikanam is Madamakulam- a natural pond formed at the foot of a waterfall. The pond formed amidst huge boulders is encircled by deep woods on all sides. During the British rule the wives of the English planters of the locality used to come to the pond for bathing. The natives were prohibited from going to the vicinity of the pond. Thus the pond was termed by the locals as Madamakulam (Madama is the Malayalam slang for Madam). The twin boulders standing a few meters up above the waterfalls are known as the Irumulachipara - which literally means twin breasted rock. The rocks appear as the massive breasts of a maid lying supine on the hill, looking up to the sky. From the Irumulachipara one can see the panoramic view of the plantations and valleys below.
Koliekanam Bungalow
The Koliekanam Bungalow was built in 1938. The medium peaked roof and the gabled porch with charming multi painted bay windows makes the bungalow a beautiful country house. The north-east facing bungalow has inviting interiors which spreads from the long front verandah. The walls are made of cut or dressed granite. As you drive in from the south to the eastward facing, cute little bungalow, unique in many ways, the first thing that attracts you is the mirror-like flooring in coffee brown shade which has endured human footsteps for more than half a century and lays still without having a scratch for the last seventy years.
On the northern corner of the garden there are a group of huge trees which stand shading and enclosing the fringes of the compound. The northern boundary rolls down steeply into the valley, where a small brook flows undisturbed with a lulling sound. The bungalow is situated on the edge of a cliff with panoramic view of undulating stretch of meadows and mountains. Two mountains named “ANNAN and THAMPI”(the Tamil word for elder and younger) forms a close back drop on the southern side. The whole setting is as beautiful and scenic as a picture post card. Atop the mountains we can spot the view of Deviculam in the Munnar region.
Sahayadri Ayurvedic Centre
Massages for general rejuvenation or treatment for ailments can be availed by appointment at Sahyadri Ayurvedic Hospital which is just three kilometers away. Sahyadri is an establishment which maintains a garden of Ayurvedic plants and has its own medicine manufacturing unit.
Pattumala
Pattumala or the hills draped in silk, homes a lot of brooks and rivulets and unending expanses of lush green tea plantations. The main attraction of the place is the our lady Church, built in Gothic style within the tea estate owned by the franscian brothers. The Church is a pilgrim spot and many visit the shrine on way Periyar. The Church sits atop a hill with sprawling tea gardens all around.
Places of interest in Periyar valley
Pandavarmedu Bungalow
This tall steeply pitched masculine, thick columned, sheet roofed, building stands on a site overlooking the Periyar valley. Built in 1922, the bungalow is also known as Pandavarmedu in reference to the five heroic Pandava brothers from Mahabharatha - the great Indian epic by Vyasan. The Pandavas are believed to have spent some time in these woods during their exile. Incidentally the first occupants of this house were five in numbers - E.C. Sylvester, his two clerks and two personal servants.
Granby and Parunthupara
The Granby hills are adorned with vast tea plantations. The winding roads, the numerous streams, the cliffs and rocks, the fully bloomed flame of the forest trees, the small check dams, the thick woods here and there all makes Granby a heady cocktail of panoramic beauty. The Parunthupara or ‘eagle rock’ is in fact a large sheet of rock spread over half a kilometer in diameter. . At times nothing can be seen around, except the whiteness of the mist and the next moment the mist would vanish unveiling the green valley below.
Mount Bluff
Shooting off the bottom of the mount estate ,this mountain range is a wild end of the valley ,and the Bluff offer us a breath taking view as we approach it from the mount estate. Sighting of elephants as small dots is a rare feast for any lucky visitor.
Vandiperiyar Club
The club is located along Connemara estate en-route to the forest ranges of Vallakadavu Division of Periyar Tiger Reserve.
We can spend the evening in the company of present managers and member planters of nearby estates, play snooker or do some reading in total privacy.
Activities Offered Deep in the Periyar valley
Periyar Tiger Reserve - Thekkady
Treks can be arranged within the cardamom plantation and the forest with recognized guides Trekking on foot along the edge of the Periyar Tiger Reserve with possibilities of spotting several species of exotic flora and fauna.
Safaris and Drives
A guided morning jeep ride to see the wildlife in its natural habitat and followed by a bath in the unpolluted brook where the pristine water drip down the rock edges which cools your mind and body. But sometimes you may have to hold your breath if you suddenly see a gaur or a sambar quenching its thirst from the flowing waters.
The evenings can be spent through a scenic drive in and around the valley with acres of meadows, cliffs and precipices that cut down into the Sabarimala ranges.
The Night Safari armed with spotlights and cameras in an open jeep is an experience not to be missed. One can see in the night the ferocity of the wild, as we encounter the crouching predator and the fleeing prey among the silent meadows and imposing trees.
Fishing
The afternoons can be spent in fishing in the lake or the river which are abundant with two types of Masheer (a species indigenous to Periyar) and different other fishes.
Tented Camping
Tented forest camps –Valley view camp, Meenar Camp Camp fire – green mansion and at forest camp on request.
Boating
Boating at Gavi Dam Lake.
Visits
Lookout points -Sabarimala Temple, Sunset point Ninnumulli waterfalls, kullar waterfalls.
Plantation Visits
Learn the art of cardamom farming from the tribal’s. So what if you don’t understand their language, their hands will do the talking.
Destination Meghamalai
Meghamalai is located in Tamil Nadu about 85 kilometers from Thekkadi in Kerala, 43 kms off Chinnamanoor, on the Thekkadi – Madurai Interstate Highway.
One of the exclusive preserve of a group of plantations, Meghamalai today has become the exclusive destination for the natural lover and visitors who look out for privacy in personally cared plantation stays.
The largest plantation, the Highways Group, is a tea plantation owned previously by Hindustan Lever and today run successfully by the Woodbriar group. Flanked on one side by the Periyar Tiger Reserve and on the other by the proposed Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, the. The estate is a 6000-acre tea plantation of Highwavys group of Estates which lie ensconced in a geographic depression shaped like a bowl, bordered by rising mountain ranges on all sides with a 7 kilometer lake winding across itself.
Meghamalai is also home to rare species of birds, flora and mammal life. Wild Gaurs and Elephants are commonly sighted across the few plantations but more so within the Highways Group of Estates.
Experience of the Hills
Rolling tea hills, broken by still waters; rising mountains painted with forests, are the few things that leave you spell bound.
To wake up to the call of a distant elephant trumpet, to walk beside the lake for miles across undulating hills, to walk past an elephant skull to a private waterfall or to simply sit atop a grassy cliff and be in communion with mountain peaks all around, are some other things that will become forever locked within your memory for a long, long time.
Tourist Attractions
As the name suggests, Meghamalai is the kingdom where the clouds meet the mountains.
One of the best destinations, which is known to a selective few and seen by even fewer people. Amidst the natural beauty, it is also about wildlife sightings, treks, and picturesque walks, playing billiards or table tennis, sitting around a bonfire, camping out on a mountain cliff or bathing in a waterfall.
Its' about activities and beauty , one within the other, a perfect blend, a place to thank Mother Nature, to be grateful for the sheer beauty of the world around.
Attractions and activities in Munnar
The home of Nilgiri Thar. The endangered species of mountain goat with a rare agility to climb steep mountains, which is today the pride of Munnar.
The Eravikulam national park, which is accessed by foot, is one of the best-protected sanctuaries having the largest population of Nilgiri Thar also blessed with scenic beauty.
Viewpoints
Top station offers panoramic views of the plains of Tamilnadu. Eco point offers mesmerizing scenic beauty and the place where you get your eco to you.
Lockhart Gap view offers a bird’s eye view of Bison valley and the surrounding hills extending up to Thekkady in periyar.
KOLUKKUMALAI
TOP STATION VIEW
Kolukkumalai, the highest tea garden in the world offers breathtaking views from its dizzy heights; the unique tea grown at the altitude of 6500- 8000 feet is a precious buy. The estate is owned by the Kottagudi plantations Pvt ltd Bodinaykanoor that was formerly owned by the Algannan of Pangajam Company who were the provision suppliers to the pioneers.
Waterfalls
Athukaad waterfall is a roaring and untamed cascade when the monsoon peaks.
Heritage sights
Marayoor famous for the dolmans and sandalwood forests.
Dams and lakes
Mattupetty dam standing 160 ft tall offers an exhilarating cruise in the lake fringed by forest where wild life sighting is common.
Deviculam lake is a off the beaten track location to visit and spend boating a long time in privacy as it is offered only to the KDHP company guests.
Kundale dam is also a place to visit and spend time just relaxing.
Chinnar -Wildlife sanctuary
Bordering the Kerala -Tamilnadu forest the sanctuary is the best wildlife sighting area for elephants, gaur, panther, and deer also having a wide bird population.
Shopping at Munnar
Shop at the K D H P sales outlet for the finest tea made by the company. The outlet showcase delicious strawberry preserves and artifacts like vegetable dyed fabrics and handmade paper products made by the disabled children from the Srishti complex school promoted by K D H P.
Destination Valparai in Anamallais
Valparai is located 3800 feet above sea level on the Anamalai Hills, a mountain range on the Western Ghats, 100 kilometers from the nearest airport, Coimbatore.
A small plantation town, the people of Valparai is mainly plantation workers who live within the tea, coffee and cinchona plantations that make the area. Valparai is mostly carpeted with tea plantations and is renowned across Southern India as among the most productive tea growing regions in South India. All major tea companies have a presence here including Tata Coffee, BBTC, PKT and the largest planters, the Woodbriar Group.
Apart from a salubrious climate year round, Valparai is bordered by the Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, making it a haven to sight wildlife of all kinds. The Sanctuary is home to the Indian Elephant, Wild Gaur (Bison), Leopards, the endangered Lion – Tailed Macaque and rare birds including the Great Indian Hornbill. Sightings of herds of Wild Gaur (Bison), Elephants are common on the periphery of the sanctuary at Valparai. The endangered Lion Tailed Macaque and the Great India Hornbill is a common sight within the private forest at Puthuthottam Estate.
Rare Bird populations are sighted extensively in the bio-diversity spots created by the plantations within the plantation area itself.
Places of Historical importance in Wynaad
Edakkal Caves
The world famous Edakkal Caves is a major attraction which is situvated at the Ambukuthi Mountains rangesat 4000 feet which is around 12 kms from Sultan Batthery, the capital of the district .
The Edakkal caves in the Ambukutty mountain is not a cave in the real sense.As stated in the India Antiquary and quoated in the district Gazetter ,Kozikode ,it is only “a cleft about 96 feet long and 22 feet wide in the rock”.It is a fissure made by a corner of rock splitting off from the main body due to natural causes.The dept of both the cleft and fissure is 30 feet.Wht makes it look like a cave to the ordinary observer is the fact that in the other portion of the large cleft , an enormous rock , weighing several tones ,have fallen forming a roof ovr a large part of it.
The Microlithis (Tools of the Mesolitic Period) was first discovered at the Kuppamudi Estate in 1890 Colin Mackenzie, he invited the Superintentent of Malabar District Police Mr Fawcett‘s and with the help of tribes like Mullakurumars and Panniars , Fawett’s cut a path to the Edakkal caves in 1894 . The edakkal cave carvings clearly represent human and animal figures .the human figures that appear frequently in the carvings as that of a man with peculiar Head –Dress, made with sharp stone tools.
It was through this forest clearing he made several attemts to explore the details of the caves.He published about it’s finding in 1901 which was studied in depth by many arechologists .Some of the important findings were the frequent occurince of Swasthika The Swastika turns up in 16 different forms of sun system.The drawings according to Fawcett’s were drawn by the predessors of Mullakurumar Tribes or the the devil worshipping Tribes in the neighbouhood.
The Kuppamudi estate was opened in 1880 by the pioneers and was under the ownership odf Mr Colin Mackenzie Colin Mackenzie was the brother of William Mackenzie, a pioneer in the High Ranges Mr Colin had interests in the Pannier tea estate near Munnar opened by the Pioneers in Rubber,he moved to High ranges in 1907 and by 1915, he reached Nillgirs who retired as a senior planter in 1925.The edakkal caves are close to the estate, which was exposed to the world by Mr Colin and his friendMr Fawcetts.
Places of outdoor interests are plenty in the Land of Rains, Forests and Hill Paddy .
Today Wayanad still retain a part of the old magic of one unbroken mantle of green , serene and inviolate, stretching a far The land is for the most part under cultivation, and generations of planters have transformed the jungle into highly profitable plantations of coffee,cardamoms, Vanilla and orange.
Almost every conceivable inch of the Mist- wrapped undulating land of wynaad have coffee, perrer ,Cinnamon and cardamom on the midland growing on them , hedged by lush rainforest that stuns the eye with that special green only for Wynaaad.
For the Wildlife experiences we need to seek out the other two towns , namely Mananthavady and Sulthan Bathery , from were it is easier to access the Wayanad Wildlife Santuary .
Wildlife truly roams free in Wynaad’s sanctuaries of Muthanga , Begur , and Tholpetty Stunning orchids , spicy pepper , coffee berries and fragrant cardamomms , tall stands of Bamboo , rubber and tropical fruit trees area part of the vast streach whicg gradually take you into the Nilgiri Biosphere from the upper slope.
Lakkidi, often refered as the gateway to Wynaad , is 2297 feet atop Thamarassery Ghat Pass, beyond which lie the lowlands and the coast.After Megalaya’s Chirapunji , the small area of Mawsynaram a ,Lakkidi registers the second highest degree of rain fall in the world.
Drive out from Lakkidi towards the ghat pass just before the Ghat begins, -the Chain Tree of Lakkidi , a Banyan tree with chains wrapped around the trunk . The legend goes that a British engineer who did not know the road to Calicaut to wayanad, was shown by an Adivasi ( Tribal Man).
Later the englisman claimed to have discovered it on his own and killed the advasi to preserve his claim. Soon roads were built over Thamarasshery Ghat Pass and waynaad was thrown open to the Kozikode ( Calicut ) Coast. But the new road witnessed a spate of accidents soon after compleation .A priest was called who attributed the accidents to the restless soul of the Adivasi and it is believed that his soul was chained on the tree.
Chempara Peak, at 6890 Ft above sea level , Chempara Peak is the highest Peak in Wynaad Hills. Just 24 kms from Vythri .It takes a whole day to trek to the peak from thre base at Meppadi near Kalpetta , and the trail is in variably wet and slippery due to the incessant rain that feed the perennial lake at the top of the peak. The trail goes through a tea plantations whose beauty will add to the fun of the trek.
Sentinal rock water falls
This waterfalls is at Vellarimala village near Chooralamala in Meppadi Panchyat It is a picnic spot as well as a trekking centre .The sentinel rock , a rock of more than 200m in height is in the Sentinal Rock estate ,ideal for rock climbing.
Kuruva Islands, 950 acres of evergreen forests on the tributeries of east flowing Kabini River The island is uninhabited and is ta bird watchers pardise.It is situvated 17 kms east of Mannatavady and 40 kms nort west of Sultan Battery.Ideal as a picnic spot who wants to escape into taranquilty.
Pakshipathalam
In the Bhramagiri hills of Thirunelli ,is a challenging spot for any adventure seeking tourist. To reack Pakshipathalam 17 kms have to be travesed through forest ,The deep rock caves ,formed among thick blocks of rocks at the northern top end of Bramagiri , are the abode of various birds and wildlife.
Waynad Wildlife Santuary
Located in Nort –East Kerala in the Nilgiri Biosphere , bordering Karnataka and TamilNadu, the Wayanad Wls is spread across two disconnected parts .The Muthanga side lies along the Kerala ,Karnataka and Tamilnadu Border , while the Tholpetty side is contiguous with Karnataka’s Nagarhole National Park.
Established in 1973,forms part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve , the first of the14 bispheres in India ,which also includes Silent Valley and Nilambur’s Forest Slopes ,specially formed for conservation Purposes.The sanctuary also falls under project elephant , launched in 1991-92 aiming procetion of elephant population..The sanctuary is spread over 345sq kms which makes it the second largest sanctuary in Kerala.
The sanctuary is split into two portions that are not interconnected because of plantations , a fact that in itself points to the extent of human pressure on the forest Eucalyptus and Bamboo are grown here for industrial purpose .As all these stand on the land that was originally forest , animals often enter the plantations and settlement for food ,leading to man –to animal conflict. In 2003 there was a major conflict on this issue between the government and the tribals settled on the land , which is just about being solved by the authorities.
Sulthan Bathery is considered the headquarters of the sanctuary .Muthanga Wildlife Range and Tholpetty Wildlife Range are the two entry points into the sanctuary.
Muthanga is contigious with the Bandipur National Park in Karnataka and the Mudumalai WLS in Tamilnadu while Tholpetty Wildlife Range is contigious with Nagarhole National Park in Karnataka .In other words , Wayanad , Mudumalai , Nagarhole and Bandipur constitute a single large forest tract separted only by political boundaries.
The main and perhaps only activity possible to a visitor to this sanctuary is to go on jeep safari.Animal sighting are best in the early hours or in the evening just before sunset.
The Drive
In the course of a day’s safari you can axpect to see elephants , gaurs , herds of deer and wild pig in significant numbers,if you are lucky ,may be a leapord or even a tiger.
One thing to bear in mind is that elephants in wayanad forests are more tempermental than their counterparts in other sanctuaries .Crop raiding brings them into close contact with humans being a man- animal confrontation are common with disastrous consequences on both sdes .So observe the rules strictly and do not venture into the forest by leaving the vehicle, wear dull coloured clothes ,keep silence allow the animals to tresspass in its own pace if it comes along your track.
Bird Watching
Wayanad is a paradise for bird watching , which must be carried out with the rules abiding to the forest. You can find a variety of birds like Crested Hawk Eagle , The king Vulture , The Crested serpant Eagle and the Malabar Grey Hornbill and many more.
Wynaad is on top of the tourist destination with its unique nature and its offerings. Some of the best eco tourism resorts are located at the Vythiri, and Kalpetta.
Nilgiri (North West Tamilnadu)
The Nilgiri (Tamil or literally: Blue Mountains), often referred to as the Nilgiri Hills, are a range of mountains with at least 24 peaks above 2,000 meters, in the westernmost part of Tamil Nadu at the junction of Karnataka and Kerala in Southern India. They are part of the larger Western Ghats mountain chain making up the western edge of the Deccan Plateau.
The hills are separated from the Karnataka plateau to the north by the Noyar River and from the Anaimalai Hills and Palni Hills to the south by the Palghat Gap. The Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu lies within these mountains. Its latitudinal and longitudinal dimensions are 130 Km (Latitude: 10.38 to 11.49 N) by 185 Km (Longitude: 76.0 E to 77.15 E).
The Nilgiri Hills were part of Chera Empire in ancient times. Later it fell into the hand of Ganga dynasty, and then Hoysala empire under king Vishnuvardhana in the 12th century. They then became part of the Kingdom of Mysore of Tipu Sultan who later surrendered them to the British in the 18th century.
John Sullivan, the British governor of neighbouring Coimbatore province, liked the climate of this forested land, and occupied it by taking land from the native tribes (Toda, kurumba and Badaga); often buying up many square kilometers.
The hills were developed rapidly under the British Raj because they were almost entirely owned by private British citizens, unlike the rest of India. Ooty served as the summer capital of the Madras Presidency, and had winding hill roads and a complicated rack railway system built by influential and enterprising British citizens with venture capital from the Madras government.
The district’s major township Ooty a well known as a tourist destination. Most of the less crowded places are spread just outside a 20 km radius of main Ooty township which is today in the rush of travelers from all over India almost 6 months a year.
Plantations upon the hills
Coonoor and Kotagiri
On a ridge near the highest point in Nilgiri ranges almost 20 kms towards South West of Ooty The tea is grown in lower slopes of plataue at Kotagiri and Coonoor , which can claim for the oldest Tea areas outside China planted way back in 1840s.Taishola estate is considered as the first of these were Chinese Prisoners is said to have planted Tea seeds which was encouraged and taken up seriolsly by a few Europenas in the area . The district has other industries,of milk products and have large area under vegetable cultivation. and a major Army cantonment that houses the Defence Services Staff College and the Madras Regimental Centre at Wellington However, it is primarily a tea growing area, which produces some of the best tea in South India.
Glendale of the Kothari’s at Conoor –Kunta road and Dunsandle Estate, situated in the better-known Nilgiri hills,near ooty is a high elevation estate at over 6,000 feet above sea level. It produces typical high elevation teas with the distinctive Nilgiri aroma and flavor, which markets some if the fine brands of the oldest tea in South India, some of it over a hundred years and fifty old - and still going strong.
The U.P.A.S.I head quartes is at Coonoor and the tea auctions are held at Coimbatore. The high grown teas of Nilgiris are unique in flavor.
Bandipur –Mudumalai National Parks.
Along the Mysore -Ooty Highway , at the Foothills of Nilgiri Mountains , lies some of India’s best elephant country .Admisitered separately , the Bandipur National Park (Karnataka ) ,the Mudumalai Wildlife Santuary (Tamil Nadu) are but componenets of a single spectacular ecological continuumthat also include Nargarhole (towards Coorg direction Karnataka ) and Wynaad (In Kerala ).The sanctuary can be accessed easily from many direction in Kerala , Tamilnadu and Karnataka.
Bandipur and Mudumalai are located in the lower reaches of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve , which is part of the Western Ghats biodiversity Hotspot.This area was once the hunting ground of the Wodeyar Royals of Mysore The Mudumalai Santuary was set up in 1940 , becoming the first sanctuary in SouthIndia .Covering a steach of 60 sq kn initially , the santtuary was expanded to 295 sq km by 1956 and thereafter to its present size of 321 sq km .
Mudumalai is oriented towards tourism ; the forest department has well organized trekking routes inside thwe park , and organize safaris on request.This area receives two monsoons:the South –West (June-Sep) and the North –East (Oct –Nov).A brief cool dry season (Dec –Jan) is followed by summer(Feb-May).This region has a moderate climate all year round and can be visited in any season.Wildlife sighting are fewer in summer compared to other seasons .Unlike temperate forest , these tropical deciduous forests are leafless in summer.
Bandipur Safari Lodge
Another J LR property of Karnataka Government offering great adventure by naturlists and commited Tribals.
This elegant safari lodge is adjacent to the Bandipur Tiger Reserve and stands against the backdrop of the Nilgiri. Set in the erstwhile hunting ground of the Mysore Royals , the lodge offer elegant rooms with modern amenities ans a spacious bath.There is a gazebo or Gol Ghar where cozy campfire buffet dinners are organized .There is also a restraint called “Pug Mark”that is open to guests and highway travelers .Open jeep Safaris at sundown and trekkinginside thwe park are the main attractions .
Places of interests in Coorg
Merkara
Madikeri, capital of the district is named after Third king of Haleri dynasty; Mudduraja. He established this city, thus to be known as Mudduraja Keri, which over a period of time became Madikeri, later British pronounced it as Mercara.
Madikeri Fort
Originally a Mud fort which was re built by Tippu Sultan in 1787 when he ruled the province for a short while of five years .Inside the fort is the palace of the Lingyat rulers, a simple double storied structure , a pale reflection of the grand palace seen elsewere.
Raja’s Seat
One kilometer from the madikeri junction this is were the Kodagi Kings would view the many –splendoured sunrises and sunsets.The view is mesmerizing over the grey – blue crags of the Western Ghats.
Abbi Falls.
Abbi in Kodava dialect means “Falls” This beautiful waterfalls is 5 kms from Madikeri is inside a privately owned coffee Estate .
Most of the places for intresting visits in and aroung Coorg (Main place is Madikeri ) varies within 30-to 50 kms.
Bylekuppe
which 35 kms away is the home of the largest settlement of Tibetans in South India .The attractions arethe awe–inspiring NamdrolingMonastry ,the flea Market and the little hole –in- the –wall eateries which serve momos.
Talacauvery is 45 kms away which is the birth place of Cauvery River and therefore has immense relegios significance .It is situvated on the slopes of Bhramagiri Hill 4187 Ft Msl and 7 kms from Bhagamandala .On the auspicious Tula Sankarmana (usually 17TH October every year as the sun enter Libra , the Goddess Cuvery makes her appearance in the form of a gushing spring.This region is also associated with Pandaava Brothers of the Epic Mahabharatha There are steps leading to Bramagiri Hills from were glimpses of KudreMukh (North Mysore) Chamundi Hills ,Wynaad and Nilgiris are visible.
Dubare Elephant Camp
The Dubare Elephant Camp is sandwhiched between the south banks of the Cauvery and Dubare Reserve forest of Coorg District 40 kms from Madikeri. This was were the Mysore Royals used to train elephants for the famous Dasara Fesivals.(Fesival of Lights ) the road to the camp , near Kushalnagar , passes through verdant fields of rice paddy . Then you traverse a gushing river in a boat .In summer you can just walk cross the river stepping on th exposed rocks. The camp , a settlement of 30 tribal families , was once engaged in the capture and training of wild elephants.
Excursions from Coorg
Nagarhole
The national park derives its name from its snake –like winding streams.Renamed as the Rajiv Gandhi National Park in 1992 here is particularly the well run wildlife sanctuary spread over an area of 284 sq Km .Tropical and decisdious forest and belts of swampy grpund at the head of the streams, and a host of wildlife ,makes it a must- see when in Coorg or in Mysore
The distance is 200 kms from Madikeri via virajpet and from 80kms Mysore , enroute we may halt for Iruppu Falls , a pilgrim centre .The Shiva temple is said to have been dedicated byLord Rama’himself on the banks of the Lakmanatheertha River , a tributary of Cauvery .
Kabini
The Kabini River (a tributary of River Cauvery ) runs between Bandipur and Nagarahole, two of the richest National Parks at the foothills of the Western Ghats in Southern India. These forests cover around 1500 sq. km (580 sq. miles) and are a mix of tropical moist and dry deciduous types.
The region around Kabini river supports tree species like Teak, Mathi, Dindla, Sandalwood, Rosewood and many more along with bamboo and other grasses.
The fauna boasts more than 300 species of birds, including the endemic Malabar Trogon and Malabar Pied Hornbill, the Crested Hawk-eagle as well as an impressive assemblage of herbivores like the Asiatic Elephant, the Gaur (Indian Bison) and the Sambar. Which results in a high density of prey in this region.
This in turn, supports a large and thriving population of predators like the Tiger (incidentally, the Nagarahole region is said to have the highest density of Tigers in India), the Leopard and the Indian Wild Dog.
The backwaters of the Kabini reservoir are now an important perennial water source where one can witness the largest and most spectacular congregations of Asiatic Elephants during peak summers.
Main wildlife attractions at Kabini
Kabini river that cuts between the Nagarahole and Bandipur National Parks of Karnataka and is the centre-stage for wildlife in the region. Kabini plays host to over 300 species of birds including the Malabar trogon, Malabar whistling thrush, Malabar pied-hornbill, crested serpent-eagle, crested hawk-eagle, common hawk cuckoo, changeable hawk eagle, Indian Roller, Indian reed, woodpeckers, warblers, grey jungle fowl, water fowl, scarlet minivet, ospreys, ducks, herons, red vented bulbul, ring dove, common babbler, red whiskered bulbul and more.
Kabini river that cuts between the Nagarahole and Bandipur National Parks of Karnataka and is the centre-stage for wildlife in the region. Kabini plays host to over 300 species of birds including the Malabar trogon, Malabar whistling thrush, Malabar pied-hornbill, crested serpent-eagle, crested hawk-eagle, common hawk cuckoo, changeable hawk eagle, Indian Roller, Indian reed, woodpeckers, warblers, grey jungle fowl, water fowl, scarlet minivet, ospreys, ducks, herons, red vented bulbul, ring dove, common babbler, red whiskered bulbul and more.
Places of interest in BR Hills .
BR Hills used to be a mere temple on a hillock with a rarely visited Wildlife sanctuary from a Tourists Point of view until the Karnataka’s prime adventure and tour operators –The Jungle Lodges & Resorts (JLR)transformed it into the wildest vacationing spot in Karnataka by 2003.
The BRT Wildlife Santuary
The santuary spread over 534 sq kms of undulating hills,is a treasure house of varied animal life. Also known as Billigiri Rangaswamy Temple wildlife sanctuary was formed in june 1974 close to the BR Temple precincts , with an area of 322 sq kms .It was expanded to the present area in 1987 .the two entry points to the sanctuary are Chamrajnagar and Yelandur .which are around 40 kms apart.
Boodipadaga
Deep inside the sanctuary is the famous residence of the Mysore royals in the 1900 for their hunting trips. .Now slightly derelict, It was here that elephants were trapped by the pit method by G.P.Sanderson in 1880s had a full site with all assistance from the tribal’s. Today it is a forest Inspection Bunglow.
And it is here that the scourge of the jungle brigand Veerappan was incarcerated for a few weeks in 1986.It was also from here that he famously escaped, then eluded capture for many years until eventually he was killed in 2006. The 8 km drive on the game road to reach Boodipadaga IB is atreat , as you’ll go past many waterholes were herds of elephants usually congregate
Billigiri Rangaswamy Temple
This centuries –old temple dedicated to Lord Rangaswamy and is perched atop a hill on the edge of a granite precipice reached by 150 odd steps.Nearby is a 1000 ft drop to the forest below which offer a spectacular view at sunset.Coffee estates and tribal settlements dot the landscape .
The only time the trickle of locals to the secluded temple becomes a deluge is during the Ratha (Chariot) festival that takes place every April.The temple houses a pair of outsized Sandals measuring one foot and nine inches! Local legend contends that Rangaswamy uses these sandals to roam the adjoining forests after sundown to keep vigil of the forest , Almost as if by logical extension , the sandals wear out and are replaced by the villagers every two tears.who claim that they are alerted about it in their dreams.
K Gudi Camp is past Vandarbal Village at the foot hills from Chamrajnagar, also accessable via Yelandur side .K Gudi is short for Kyatedevaragudi , named after a jungle diety Kyateshwara, whose shrine exists in the vicinity of the decades- old hunting bungalow of the Wodeyars ,the former royals of Mysore. Reaching K Gudi is quite a thrill as the road weaves up a steep road through dense jungle sure of wildlife at close quarters.There has been many occasions when even a panther and a tiger have been seen on this road in broad daylight.
Dodda Sampige Mara
Dodda Sampige mara literally the “Big Champak Tree” in the local language. This is a mammoth Champak tree(10meter girt x 30 meter height ) deep inside the forest that is locally revered., worshipped specially on Mondays and Fridays .According to Soliga Tribals Sage Agastya (the developer of Ayurveda) planted it some 2000 years ago.The stream flowing nearby to where the tree stands is a sight to behold .Approach is only by jeep. The old giant tree still flowers in season .The Soliga tribals belvive it is the abode of Lord Rangaswamy .It is believed that other deities also reside here , represented by 101 stone Shiva lingas lying near the base.
North Mysore
Chikmangalur-Hassan (North Mysore )
The southwestern part of Karnataka Carved against a mountainous canvas this beautiful malnad district is full of surprises... lofty peaks... delightful dales... racing rivers... sparkling streams... captivating cascades... and the bracing mountain air - a balm to the work-weary. Climb high above the world where the mountains seem to touch the sky. Marvel at the unspoilt beauty of the snow-white coffee blossoms. To add adventure to enchantment this hilly district has some exciting trekking routes in the Western Ghats.
In Chickmagalur district, the major commercial crop is coffee. Other commercial crops are Pepper, Cashew nuts Mullaingiri, the highest peak in Karnataka (6,317 feet) is 12 Kms away from Chickmagalur.
Location : Lying between 12° 13´ and 13° 33´ North latitudes and 75° 33´ and 76º38´ East longitude, Hassan district has a total area of 6826.15 Sq. Kms.. The average rainfall is about 1031 mms annually. Coffee, Black Pepper, Potato, Paddy and Sugarcane are the major agricultural.
Chikmagalur is a district in Karnataka where coffee was first cultivated in India The hill stations, the waterfalls, the historical temples and the wildlife sanctuaries make this region a tourist paradise. It is alternatively spelled Chikkamagaluru, which literally means ‘The town of the younger daughter’ in the native Kannada language. The town is said to have been given as a dowry to the younger daughter of Rukmangada, the legendary chief of Sakrepatna and hence the name. Indeed, there is a town called Hiremagaluru - ‘the town of the elder daughter’ - about 5 km from Chikmagalur.
Number of rivers originates from the hills of Chickmagalur district and flow in all the seasons.In Rivers such as, Bhadra, Tunga, Hemavathi, and Netravathi & Vedavathi several minerals are found in the district such as iron, magnetite, and granite etc., major iron Ore Company in Asia is located at Kudremukha in Mudigere taluk of Chickmagalur district which was closed in 2000 aftere being in minng for almost 70 years.
The district head quarters of Chikmagalur district is 250 km from the state capital Bangalore, and surrounded by the Baba Budan Giri hills and dense forests
Kemmangundi
55 km north of Chikmagalur; height of 1,434 meters; thick forests and a salubrious climate through the year. Ensconced by the Baba Budan Giri range and blessed with mountain streams and lush vegetation. Beautifully laid out ornamental gardens, enchanting mountain views and spectacular sunsets. Great for treks; has peaks to scale and jungle paths to explore.
Kallathigiri Falls: 10 km from Kemmangundi; also known as Kalahasti falls; 122 meters high; close by is an old temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, constructed in a gap between rocks.
Hebbe Falls: 10 km from Kemmangundi; 168 meters high; Two-stage cascade forming Dodda Hebbe (Big Falls) and Chikka Hebbe (Small Falls).
Mullayanagiri
16 km from Chikmagalur; a part of the Baba Budan Giri Hill Ranges; 1930 meters above sea level; tallest peak in Karnataka; spectacular sunset views; great for trekking, right up to the peak even; the small hillock in the temple compound at the top is the highest point in Karnataka.
Datta Peetha (Baba Budan Giri)
North of Chikmagalur; has one of the highest mountain peaks between the Himalayas and the Nilgiris. The peak takes its present name from the Muslim saint, Baba Budan, who resided here more than 150 years ago.
Manikyadhara Falls: Manikyadhara Falls is a waterfall near Datta Peetha.
Guru Dattatreya Bababudanswamy Dargah: On the Baba Budan Giri; Imam Dattatreya Peetha venerated by the Hindus and the Muslims alike; laterite cave believed to have been stayed in by Dattatreya Swami and Hazrat Dada Hayat Mir Khalander.
Sringeri
90 km west of Chikmagalur, on the banks of Tunga; Vedic Peetha established by Sri Adi Shankara, exponent of the Advaita philosophy in 9th Century A.D.; famous for Vidyashankara Temple originally constructed by the Hoysalas and later completed by the founders of the Vijayanagar Empire, and Sharada temple, an early 20th. century addition. In the Vidya Shankara shrine, there are 12 zodiac pillars, which are so constructed that the rays of the sun fall on the pillar corresponding to the month.
Horanadu
100 km southwest of Chikmagalur; has an ancient Annapoorneshwari Temple, now called Adi-Shaktyatmaka Shri Annapoorneshwari.
Amritapura
67 km north of Chikmagalur; known for the Amritheshwara temple built in 1196 A.D by Amriteshwara Dandanayaka, a general of the Hoysala ruler Veera Ballala II.
Belavadi
29 km southeast of Chikmagalur, 10 km north west of Halebidu; famous for ornate temple of Veeranarayana temple and the Udbhava Ganapathi temple.
Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary
495 sq.km wildlife sanctuary and Project Tiger reserve; the huge reservoir here is the main water supply to several districts in the rain shadow regions of south Karnataka; forests rich in bamboo and birds species unique to both the Malabar and Sahyadri ranges.
Singampatti
MANIMUTYHAR - SINGAMPATTI
The Singampatti rainforest of Tamilnadu is one of the few tropical rainforests left in India. This forest, which occurs along the Western Ghats of South India, houses a vast diversity of plants and animals. Nevertheless, this bountiful ecosystem is as fragile as the other forests of its kind. The lush green plants and trees that stretch as far as the eye can see, blind us to the poor fertility conditions of the soil under our feet. The Bombay Burmah Trading Company Ltd., which owns a part of the Singampatti forestland, has resorted to organic farming of its agricultural products to help minimize the damage to the ecosystem.
"Singampatti" is a Tamil term for "hamlet of lions," which suggests that the "king of the forest" once roamed in large numbers in these jungles. It is perched on the southeast tip of the Western Ghats and reflects nature's beauty at its elegant best. People who visit swear to return to this 'Eden' time and again to listen to the chirping of birds, rustling of leaves, or to simply dream,lost in the majesty of tall trees, beautiful flowering plants, wild animals and the wonderful world of insects and birds. Singampatti is part of the legendary Agasthya hills along the Bay of Bengal and flanked by the Kakachi forests and Kalakad Sanctuary.
Fort Kochi-Through the History
The history of Fort Kochi starts from the first half of the 14th century. This eustary is belived to have been formed in the 1340’s due to cataclysmic floods. It was an obscure fishing hamlet without any importance, but as it was a natural gateway to the Kochi harbour, gradually it grew in importance as travellers from far and wide came to Kochi. The Arabs were the first to dropanchor at Kochi to trade in spices. After the Arabs came the Chinese in their huge vessels in large numbers and settled along the coast of Kochi and nearby places. The huge magnificient Chinese fishing nets along the coast of Kochi is a reminder of the days of Chienese settlers and merchants.
During the days of colonization Fort Kochi transformed itself into a flourishing European town. It is perhaps the only place in the whole world which was ruled in succession by three European super powers. Vasco de Gama was the first european to set foot on the soil of Kerala in 1500. Alvarey Cabral the Portuguese navigator came to Kerala and owing to enmity with the zamurin of Calicut, the Raja of Kochi welcomed them and a treaty of friendship was signed. The Raja permitted the Portuguese to built a fort at Kochi at the states expence. This fort was built of the trunks of coconut tree and was named the Manuel Fort after King Manuel of Portugal. Inside the fort, the Portuguese built awell planned town with several streets having bungalow model buildings on either side. The portugues domination of the economic and political affairs at Kochi went on till 1663. This domination was ended by the dutch invaders. The triving spice trade invited the attention of the Dutch who attacked Kochi with the intention of blowing up the fort. After prolonged assault and counter offensive the Potuguese surrendered and the fort passed into the hands of the Dutch. The Dutch never intended to make Kochi their home. They just built a residence for their governers at fort Kochi. After the revolution in France the Dutch government recognised the French revolutionary government and also approved the exploits of Napolean Bonaparte, a sworn enemy of the British empire. The British government at Madras demanded the surrender of the Dutch at Kochi. The English were for long impressed by the strategic importance of Fort Kochi. The small Dutch army was no match for the Britishers, helped by the soldiers of Samorin of Calicut, and they surrendered the fort to them without much resistance. The British east india Company and the British ruled over fort Kochi till the Indian independence and benefitted much from the spice trading.
Monuments and bastions built during the colonial rule
St.Francis Church
St. Francis church is reputed to be the earliest Eropean-christian place of worship in South India. Vasco da Gama was buried here and the remains were later moved to Lisbon though the tombstone still remains. the original structure was made of timber by Portugues Franciscan frriars and later reconstructed in stone masonary by the protestant Dutch.
The Dutch Cemetery
It was built by the Dutch to bury their martyrs of the Dutch invasions. The tombstons inside the cemetery are the most authentic records of European dwelling and colonisation.
Basilica of Santa Cruz
This church was built by the Portuguese and Pope Paul iv elevated it to a cathedral in 1558. The British demolished the original building and later a new building was commissioned which was proclaimed as a Basilica by Pope John Paul ii. Built in the neo-classical style the pulpit is carved on wood.
Fort Immanuel
The fort built in 1503 was symbolic of the strategic alliance between the Raja of Kochi and the Portuguese. The Dutch and the British destroyed most of the forts walls and bastion.
Vasco House
This 16th century house is believed to be the residence of Vasco da Gamma and is one of the oldest structures of Fort Kochi.
The “T” Towns of plantation
The plantation history finds three places in Tamilnadu with great association to the Industry. Tamilnadu which today hold the major part of the plantations of Tea and rubber in South India have contributed to the labour in developing estates .
Tirunelvely, Trichinapoly and Theni were the prime suppliers of the vast labour strength which extended beyond India to the major South east Asian countries Malaya, Indonasia Burma , Fiji, Mauritius and Ceylon. .In a rough count of heads eight out of ten labourers come from a single area of Sriviliputhur in Tirunelvely District.In South –Western tip of Tamilnadu adjoining Travancore . Trichinapoly was the hub all recruitments being in the central district of Tamilnadu .It was from Theni and the adjoining areas of Bhodinaykanur in Madurai District were the first gang of men were harnessed to Munnar and Periyar .Most of the plantations companies maintained a very strong relation with the rulers of these regions and had major establishments at these towns.
Chettinad
A closely knit cluster of villages dotting the scrubby flatland around the town of karaikkudi in the semi –arid Sivaganga district of south central Tamilnadu almost 80 kms East of Madurai and 400kms south west of Chennai .
The place were you a really feel the glorious past of a community of great enterprenuars for the last eight centuries as province under the Pandya Kings. Their connection with the plantation community in the 18TH centuary earned then a lot of riches as they at a time became large planters in South East Asian countries following the English planters.
Information and places of interest in Shevaroy
Yercaud
Yercaud is quiet little hill station on the wich meet wth the western ghats near Billigiri at the Eastern ghats is the only one of its kind in northern Tamil Nadu.Yercaud is situvated on the southern part of plataue , at an elevation averaging 4500’ feet Yercaud probably owes its exisitance to its proximity to Salem , for there are higher and more salubrious sites elsewere on the Shevaroys were a settlement could be made; but Yercaud was visited first before the rest of the Shevaroys was probably explored ,and theerection of of a few houses determined the site of future “town’.The first house was built by the Rev .J.M.Lechler , who visited the hills in 1841 in company with Mr Brett , then Sub –Collector.
While the rest of this region is generally dry, Yercaud presents a welcome contrast with its cool climate where temperature never rises above 30 º C and dip below 13 º C. The peaceful hill station of Yercaud nestles among coffee plantations and thickly forested slopes and is a good place for trekking and boating.
Yercaud itself cannot be called picturesque, but on a stroll of a mile or two will reveal some of the grandest scenaries in SouthIndia .Perhaps the finest view can be obtained from the “Pagoda Point “at 4507’feet which commands the mighty ridges of the Tenande-malai and Kalrayans to the east, and the whole of the Salem –Attur Valley which is backed by the massive bulk of the Kolli-malai and Pachai-malai ranges.and relieved by the nearer ridges of Boda-malai and Jerugu-malai. (Malai means Mountains)In the forground isa splendid cliff, on the southern buttresses of the Shevaroy hills mass and many hundred feet below is the pictersque “BeeHive “village of Kakambadi.”Lady’s seat “(4548’) Prospect Point( 4759) ‘and Bear Hill (4828’), command the great plain of Tiruchengode and Omalut Taluks, backed by the mountains of Coimbatore and Mysore Plataue . On a clear day the Palnis, Anamallias and Nilgiri are visible. Further afield is Duffs’s Hill with a fine westward prospect and theShevraroyan itself, with the moss –clad temples nestling in an exquisite glen beside a sacred well of limpid water.
The best view to the north is obtained from Cauvery Peak. A lovely view of the Vanniar Valley and its sister ravines can be had at the bend of the new Vellala-Kadai road where it doubles back to Maja –Kuttai.
The Yercaud to Nagallur affords many charming glimpses of the westward hills, and the Ampitheatre of hills in which Mangalam is situvated is well worth a visit.
Yercaud being a sanatarium was favourte resort for Missionaries, anong them, Catholics, Anglicans, The London mission, The Leipzig Luthern Mission and the Danish Mission, all of whom have their chapels and bungalows in the vicinity.
BACKWATERS OF KERALA
Alleppy
The once busy Alleppy port was the head quarters of major export houses of Coconut , Coir and Pepper . The district was from the 17TH centuary an area under diverse cultivation of tropical produces and mainly food crops of paddy and coconuts .Alleppy is the famous region which was termed at once the Venice of the East , the villages net worked with cannals for small and medium country boats .
Today the trade ,coir produces and the heritage have added the backwater tourism in a unique way which may be a listed in the “must do” for a traveler of any kind visiting India. The main attraction is the Vembanad Lake,and the serene house boat cruises along the low lying land were paddy is cultivated below sea level , of land prepared by controlling water logging done manually according to tides , all intiated by the pioneers and followed by enterprisng farmers and land lords .The most striking name being the Murikan Family . The sothern side is the district have may famous temples and unique rituals .Ancient churches dating back to AD 600 onwards is a testimony of Chritian settlers in the areas within 20 square kilometers of main Alleppy.
Palm Fibre Company
One of the prime coir produces for export can be seen on a visit to the Works along the N H 220 near Alleppy called Palm Fibre india.
Backwaters of Kerala- The Boon of Nature
The Backwaters of Kerala has rightfully earned its place in the world tourism map as one of the most enchanting holiday destinations in the world. Kerala is a narrow, enigmatic strip of land that nuzzles the Arabian sea all along the southwest coast of India. The Vembanad Lake a futher extension of the sea into the mainland is the heart of the backwater country. The western coast of the districts of Ernakulam, Kottayam, Alappuzha and Kollam form the palm fringed margin of the emerald backwaters. Four major rivers and the millions of canals and waterways- some wide enough to be dubbed lakes and some nothing but snaking slivers of fresh water- empty their water into the Vembanad. These canals, brooks, rivers and waterwys are rich with marine bounty and their shores teemed with mangroves, coconut palms and other wetland bushes are home to a thousand variety of birds.
As 40% of the landscape is dominated by water it is no surprise that life here quite literally revolves around the universal solvent. To the natives the backwaters and their coastlines are the main supplier of food and the main provider of employment- be it traditional fishing, boat building, coconut farming, paddy cultivation or toddy tapping. Naturally family life too revolves around the amphibious communes who are enthusiastic, polite and friendly.
The Snake Boat races are stunning, colorful pageantry with scores of sleek bodied, shining black boats competing each other. The long wooden boats powered by 150 able bodied oarsmen glide across the backwaters at break neck speed to victory. The backwaters are the ideal locale for the enthusiastic bird watchers with thousands of waterbirds, migratory birds and other winged inhabitants. The paddy fields of Kuttanad were cultivation is done some two meters below sea level is another facinating part of the backwaters. The canals which run across the unendingly spread paddy fields are separated by dykes and are excellent for navigation. The winding waterways are best traversed in a quaint houseboat or in sleek darting Vallam (country boat)
• Activities in Kerala backwaters.
• Visit local villages and see the life that meanders through the back waters.
• House boat and country boats ride
• Visit coir making units
• Learn local methods of fishing
 |
 |
| BHOOTATTANKETTU | THATTEKKADU WORLD FAMOUS BIRD SANCTUARY |
 |
 |
| THATTEKKADU WORLD FAMOUS BIRD SANCTUARY |
THATTEKKADU WORLD FAMOUS BIRD SANCTUARY |
 |
 |
| THATTEKKADU WORLD FAMOUS BIRD SANCTUARY |
THATEKKADU WORD FAMOUS BIRD SANTURY |
A visit to Thattekad bird sanctuary by boat or car, bird watching can be arranged with the guidance of BBC recommended ornithologist Tour of the plantation where you can see the process from procurement to packing of rubber Bee keeping for honey and pollination of vanilla can be observed at close quarters. Visit to Kodanad elephant training camp Visit to 600-odd year old temples and 440 year old church.
Activities in Mundakayam valley, Koottickal and Kanjirapally
Plantation walks in the bungalow of your accommodation.
All the bungalows offered in the valley have wonderful trails for mild walks within the estae or by the streams and rivers.
At Koottickal and Yendayar a walk along the Pullakayar (River Pullaka ) which enter Mundayam and joins the Manimalayar which originate from a mountain above Yendayar ,near the Erumulachi kallu.
Visit the old rubber estates established in 1900s
Visit some of the oldest rubber plantations, Travancore rubber and Tea Company, Boyce estate, the old Murphy estate Eldorado estate and Kutikul estate to get an insight of the evolution of rubber plantation in India.
There are ideal picnic spots within theses estates.
Rubber processing Factories
Visit the unique Pale latex Crepe factory at Kutikul estae and latex centrifuge at Boyce estate.
Mundakayam club
The tennis court is set among the greenery amidst thick foliage of shady trees and large palms. Billiards table is kept in perfect shape were snooker or billiards can be played with members on prior notice. Tables are always set ready for a game of table tennis, and a small library consisting of some rare books will interest a casual reader.
J J Murphy’s bungalow and grave yard
At Yendayar, we have the J J Murphy bungalow now functioning as a school, a few minutes away is his grave yard in Mattumala hillock.
Paragliding
Take part in the annual paragliding meet at Vagamon in March or April (or just be a visitor) Many gliders from Europe take part. A windy road take you up from Yendayar to Vagamon which is a scenic drive.
Interesting Properties for Visit
 |
 |
| MURPHY MEMORIAL SCOOL | KOLLAMKULAM HOUSE |
 |
 |
| ERUNNAKUTTY BUNGALOW | ABRAHAM'S THARAVADU |
 |
 |
| VETTIKKANAM | TRAVANCORE WOOD WORKS |
We can visit many bungalows (Tharavads –Ancestral homes) with unique styles indigenous to Travancore which is found in curious blend of Kerala architecture to the western.
Activities and attractions on Peermade hills.
Glenrock Estate
The estate is college of multi crop plantations of tea cardamom coffe and vanilla with numerous waterfalls and an artificial lake for you to have a complete round of activities in Peermade.
Ashley Tea Estate
A visit to the estate to watch tea plucking in the organic tea garden and organic manure compost yard.
C M S Church
The CMS Church at Pallikunnu, Peermade was built by the support of the planters were many of the pioneers are laid to rest. J D Munro is the prominent among them. Built in the 18th century European style, the church bears a testimony to the culture of the pioneer planters. Surrounded by dreamy cypress trees and lots of flowering plants is the building overlaying mild Gothic architecture.
Peermade Club
Peermade Club where you can play golf, snooker or billiards Here get some interaction with local planters.
Penshurst Estate
 |
 |
| PENSHURST ESTATE | AMRUTHAMEDU PEAK |
Penshurst tea estate is where the first tea was planted in the peermade region by the pioneer F M Parker way back in 1875.
Today the estate produces one of the finest teas from the peermade hills under the Malankara plantation company.
Ashley Tea Factory
Visit the tea factory built in 1938 owned by the estate which is still in perfect working condition
Amrithamedu Peak
A guided trek to Amrithamedu Peak which is above 7700 feet high can be organized for the physically fit. Treks for the more energetic –ranging from 3 hours to 6 hours bordering the from the Glenrock estate point.
Travancore Summer Palace
Visit the old Travancore maharaja’s summer home nearby which was built in 1900 by Sree Moolam Thirunal which is presently abandoned. Enjoy the functional spaces around the house built in grand scale.
Madamakulam and Irumulachipara
On the northern side of the Amritha hills, at Kuttikanam is Madamakulam- a natural pond formed at the foot of a waterfall. The pond formed amidst huge boulders is encircled by deep woods on all sides. During the British rule the wives of the English planters of the locality used to come to the pond for bathing. The natives were prohibited from going to the vicinity of the pond. Thus the pond was termed by the locals as Madamakulam (Madama is the Malayalam slang for Madam). The twin boulders standing a few meters up above the waterfalls are known as the Irumulachipara - which literally means twin breasted rock. The rocks appear as the massive breasts of a maid lying supine on the hill, looking up to the sky. From the Irumulachipara one can see the panoramic view of the plantations and valleys below.
Koliekanam Bungalow
The Koliekanam Bungalow was built in 1938. The medium peaked roof and the gabled porch with charming multi painted bay windows makes the bungalow a beautiful country house. The north-east facing bungalow has inviting interiors which spreads from the long front verandah. The walls are made of cut or dressed granite. As you drive in from the south to the eastward facing, cute little bungalow, unique in many ways, the first thing that attracts you is the mirror-like flooring in coffee brown shade which has endured human footsteps for more than half a century and lays still without having a scratch for the last seventy years.
On the northern corner of the garden there are a group of huge trees which stand shading and enclosing the fringes of the compound. The northern boundary rolls down steeply into the valley, where a small brook flows undisturbed with a lulling sound. The bungalow is situated on the edge of a cliff with panoramic view of undulating stretch of meadows and mountains. Two mountains named “ANNAN and THAMPI”(the Tamil word for elder and younger) forms a close back drop on the southern side. The whole setting is as beautiful and scenic as a picture post card. Atop the mountains we can spot the view of Deviculam in the Munnar region.
Sahayadri Ayurvedic Centre
Massages for general rejuvenation or treatment for ailments can be availed by appointment at Sahyadri Ayurvedic Hospital which is just three kilometers away. Sahyadri is an establishment which maintains a garden of Ayurvedic plants and has its own medicine manufacturing unit.
Pattumala
 |
 |
| PATTUMALA ESTATE | TYFORD ESTAE |
Pattumala or the hills draped in silk, homes a lot of brooks and rivulets and unending expanses of lush green tea plantations. The main attraction of the place is the our lady Church, built in Gothic style within the tea estate owned by the franscian brothers. The Church is a pilgrim spot and many visit the shrine on way Periyar. The Church sits atop a hill with sprawling tea gardens all around.
Places of interest in Periyar valley
Pandavarmedu Bungalow
This tall steeply pitched masculine, thick columned, sheet roofed, building stands on a site overlooking the Periyar valley. Built in 1922, the bungalow is also known as Pandavarmedu in reference to the five heroic Pandava brothers from Mahabharatha - the great Indian epic by Vyasan. The Pandavas are believed to have spent some time in these woods during their exile. Incidentally the first occupants of this house were five in numbers - E.C. Sylvester, his two clerks and two personal servants.
Granby and Parunthupara
 |
 |
| GRANBY ESTATE AND MOUNT BLUFF | PARUNTHUPARA |
The Granby hills are adorned with vast tea plantations. The winding roads, the numerous streams, the cliffs and rocks, the fully bloomed flame of the forest trees, the small check dams, the thick woods here and there all makes Granby a heady cocktail of panoramic beauty. The Parunthupara or ‘eagle rock’ is in fact a large sheet of rock spread over half a kilometer in diameter. . At times nothing can be seen around, except the whiteness of the mist and the next moment the mist would vanish unveiling the green valley below.
Mount Bluff
Shooting off the bottom of the mount estate ,this mountain range is a wild end of the valley ,and the Bluff offer us a breath taking view as we approach it from the mount estate. Sighting of elephants as small dots is a rare feast for any lucky visitor.
Vandiperiyar Club
The club is located along Connemara estate en-route to the forest ranges of Vallakadavu Division of Periyar Tiger Reserve.
We can spend the evening in the company of present managers and member planters of nearby estates, play snooker or do some reading in total privacy.
Activities Offered Deep in the Periyar valley
Periyar Tiger Reserve - Thekkady
Treks can be arranged within the cardamom plantation and the forest with recognized guides Trekking on foot along the edge of the Periyar Tiger Reserve with possibilities of spotting several species of exotic flora and fauna.
Safaris and Drives
A guided morning jeep ride to see the wildlife in its natural habitat and followed by a bath in the unpolluted brook where the pristine water drip down the rock edges which cools your mind and body. But sometimes you may have to hold your breath if you suddenly see a gaur or a sambar quenching its thirst from the flowing waters.
The evenings can be spent through a scenic drive in and around the valley with acres of meadows, cliffs and precipices that cut down into the Sabarimala ranges.
The Night Safari armed with spotlights and cameras in an open jeep is an experience not to be missed. One can see in the night the ferocity of the wild, as we encounter the crouching predator and the fleeing prey among the silent meadows and imposing trees.
Fishing
The afternoons can be spent in fishing in the lake or the river which are abundant with two types of Masheer (a species indigenous to Periyar) and different other fishes.
Tented Camping
Tented forest camps –Valley view camp, Meenar Camp Camp fire – green mansion and at forest camp on request.
Boating
Boating at Gavi Dam Lake.
 |
 |
| GAVI SHOLA FOREST ALONG PERIYAR- GAVI ROADSIDE | GAVI DAM |
Visits
Lookout points -Sabarimala Temple, Sunset point Ninnumulli waterfalls, kullar waterfalls.
Plantation Visits
Learn the art of cardamom farming from the tribal’s. So what if you don’t understand their language, their hands will do the talking.
Destination Meghamalai
Meghamalai is located in Tamil Nadu about 85 kilometers from Thekkadi in Kerala, 43 kms off Chinnamanoor, on the Thekkadi – Madurai Interstate Highway.
 |
 |
| MEGAMALAI - Highways estate and Manjalar dam catchment | MEGAMALAI - WATERFALL |
 |
 |
| MEGAMALAI - | MEGAMALAI - |
One of the exclusive preserve of a group of plantations, Meghamalai today has become the exclusive destination for the natural lover and visitors who look out for privacy in personally cared plantation stays.
The largest plantation, the Highways Group, is a tea plantation owned previously by Hindustan Lever and today run successfully by the Woodbriar group. Flanked on one side by the Periyar Tiger Reserve and on the other by the proposed Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, the. The estate is a 6000-acre tea plantation of Highwavys group of Estates which lie ensconced in a geographic depression shaped like a bowl, bordered by rising mountain ranges on all sides with a 7 kilometer lake winding across itself.
Meghamalai is also home to rare species of birds, flora and mammal life. Wild Gaurs and Elephants are commonly sighted across the few plantations but more so within the Highways Group of Estates.
 |
 |
| MEGAMALAI - ELEPHANTS AT NEARBY FOREST | MEGAMALAI - ELEPANT WITH BABY |
 |
 |
| MEGAMALAI - ELEPHANT NEAR ESTATE | MEGAMALAI - BARKING DEER |
 |
 |
| MEGAMALAI - ELEPANT WITH BABY | MEGAMALAI - ELEPHANTS GOING WITH A BABY |
Experience of the Hills
Rolling tea hills, broken by still waters; rising mountains painted with forests, are the few things that leave you spell bound.
To wake up to the call of a distant elephant trumpet, to walk beside the lake for miles across undulating hills, to walk past an elephant skull to a private waterfall or to simply sit atop a grassy cliff and be in communion with mountain peaks all around, are some other things that will become forever locked within your memory for a long, long time.
Tourist Attractions
As the name suggests, Meghamalai is the kingdom where the clouds meet the mountains.
One of the best destinations, which is known to a selective few and seen by even fewer people. Amidst the natural beauty, it is also about wildlife sightings, treks, and picturesque walks, playing billiards or table tennis, sitting around a bonfire, camping out on a mountain cliff or bathing in a waterfall.
Its' about activities and beauty , one within the other, a perfect blend, a place to thank Mother Nature, to be grateful for the sheer beauty of the world around.
Attractions and activities in Munnar
 |
 |
| TALLAYAR | MEESAPULIMALA MOUNTAIN |
 |
 |
| OOMAMALAI –TALLAYAR ESTATE | VAGAVURRAI ESTATE NEAR TALLAYAR |
 |
 |
| CHINNAKANAL - SURIYANELLI | UDUMALPET ROAD |
The greatest attraction of Munnar is the laid-back stay at one of the bungalows built in the English suburban styles and enjoys nature at its best.
Activities:
Walks and treks: Choose to walk in and around the many trails of nature within the estate that will be a fresh way to start a day.
You have a dozen trek routes to choose organized by us on request, which is classified into Mild treks hard treks, and Adventurous treks.
Tours: The Tea Tour Take on a tour through a few working plantation of the Kannan Devan hill plantation company and show you the complete process from leaf picking and the complexities of tea-processing to packing at the most modern factory which include a visit at the Tea museum and take a little time to peep into the past.
The tea tasting if requested can be done at the tea museum that is an aromatic experience.
Visits:
Churches:
The church of south India built in 1911 right at the entrance of the township is worth a visit. It is a black basalt building with a prominent nave and bell tower located at a vantage point the stained glasses windows add a touch of uniqueness to the building and are a pride of the district as one of the major building, which stood firm in the 1924 floods.
Church of south India Graveyard Built in 1894, the graves in this cemetery are simple and modest .Graves of important pioneers in the tea gardens of Munnar are grouped together. The graves are on well –laid out grounds under mature old trees. Aylmer Ffulke Martin one of the most enterprising planters of all times is buried here. Another noted graveyard is of the 23-year-old Elenor Isabella May who was buried on the Christmas Eve in 1894.
The parsonage C S I grounds Built in 1920 the open verandah suggests a socially active parsonage, a trend set by the highly sociable Rev.F E Markby; Curiously, the timber posted verandah of the parsonage face the town instead of the church, enjoy the ambience of large and old trees in the compound.
Mount Carmel church - This is the first Roman Catholic Church in the High Ranges built in 1898 like all places of worship, this one too is at a vantage point with an axial view enabling worshippers to see and hear church bell when rung. Records tell us that the church sheltered refugees during the 1924 flood.
Mar Thomas church - The church was made on a land donated by the Finlay Company in 1940 worth a look for the architecture, which has elements of a neo classical style Leisure.
High Range club.
Visit the high range club, which reflects the real planter’s life, were you find the good old days.
Games:
Spend a day out on the endless stretches of greenery offered at the 9-hole kundale golf course that can be a very private affair in the company of the planters as you can wind up the day with the spirit of the Kundale club set at a beautiful location.
The other golf course is also an excellent 9-hole course maintained by the High range club. The enlivening company of local tea planters at the club will be a memorable interaction you cherish long.
Trout Fishing:
Trout fishing at Gravel Banks is a relaxing get away to the privacy of nature offered only to KDHP company guests.
Eravikulam national park – Rajmalay
 |
 |
| NILGIRI THAR | NEELAKURINJI |
The home of Nilgiri Thar. The endangered species of mountain goat with a rare agility to climb steep mountains, which is today the pride of Munnar.
The Eravikulam national park, which is accessed by foot, is one of the best-protected sanctuaries having the largest population of Nilgiri Thar also blessed with scenic beauty.
Viewpoints
Top station offers panoramic views of the plains of Tamilnadu. Eco point offers mesmerizing scenic beauty and the place where you get your eco to you.
Lockhart Gap view offers a bird’s eye view of Bison valley and the surrounding hills extending up to Thekkady in periyar.
KOLUKKUMALAI
TOP STATION VIEW
Kolukkumalai, the highest tea garden in the world offers breathtaking views from its dizzy heights; the unique tea grown at the altitude of 6500- 8000 feet is a precious buy. The estate is owned by the Kottagudi plantations Pvt ltd Bodinaykanoor that was formerly owned by the Algannan of Pangajam Company who were the provision suppliers to the pioneers.
Waterfalls
Athukaad waterfall is a roaring and untamed cascade when the monsoon peaks.
 |
 |
| TALLAYAR PICNIC SPOT
NEAR A WATER GORGE |
LAKKOM WATERFALL |
Heritage sights
Marayoor famous for the dolmans and sandalwood forests.
Dams and lakes
Mattupetty dam standing 160 ft tall offers an exhilarating cruise in the lake fringed by forest where wild life sighting is common.
Deviculam lake is a off the beaten track location to visit and spend boating a long time in privacy as it is offered only to the KDHP company guests.
Kundale dam is also a place to visit and spend time just relaxing.
Chinnar -Wildlife sanctuary
Bordering the Kerala -Tamilnadu forest the sanctuary is the best wildlife sighting area for elephants, gaur, panther, and deer also having a wide bird population.
Shopping at Munnar
Shop at the K D H P sales outlet for the finest tea made by the company. The outlet showcase delicious strawberry preserves and artifacts like vegetable dyed fabrics and handmade paper products made by the disabled children from the Srishti complex school promoted by K D H P.
Destination Valparai in Anamallais
Valparai is located 3800 feet above sea level on the Anamalai Hills, a mountain range on the Western Ghats, 100 kilometers from the nearest airport, Coimbatore.
 |
 |
| VALPARAI - HORNBILL | VALPARAI - GAUR |
 |
 |
| VALPARAI - MOUNTAIN SQIRREL | VALPARAI - MALABAR KITE |
 |
 |
| VALPARAI - LONE TUSKER | VALPARAI - LION TAILED MACAQUE |
 |
 |
| VALPARAI - LONE GAUR | VALPARAI - GAUR |
 |
 |
| VALPARAI | VALPARAI |
A small plantation town, the people of Valparai is mainly plantation workers who live within the tea, coffee and cinchona plantations that make the area. Valparai is mostly carpeted with tea plantations and is renowned across Southern India as among the most productive tea growing regions in South India. All major tea companies have a presence here including Tata Coffee, BBTC, PKT and the largest planters, the Woodbriar Group.
Apart from a salubrious climate year round, Valparai is bordered by the Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, making it a haven to sight wildlife of all kinds. The Sanctuary is home to the Indian Elephant, Wild Gaur (Bison), Leopards, the endangered Lion – Tailed Macaque and rare birds including the Great Indian Hornbill. Sightings of herds of Wild Gaur (Bison), Elephants are common on the periphery of the sanctuary at Valparai. The endangered Lion Tailed Macaque and the Great India Hornbill is a common sight within the private forest at Puthuthottam Estate.
Rare Bird populations are sighted extensively in the bio-diversity spots created by the plantations within the plantation area itself.
Places of Historical importance in Wynaad
Edakkal Caves
The world famous Edakkal Caves is a major attraction which is situvated at the Ambukuthi Mountains rangesat 4000 feet which is around 12 kms from Sultan Batthery, the capital of the district .
The Edakkal caves in the Ambukutty mountain is not a cave in the real sense.As stated in the India Antiquary and quoated in the district Gazetter ,Kozikode ,it is only “a cleft about 96 feet long and 22 feet wide in the rock”.It is a fissure made by a corner of rock splitting off from the main body due to natural causes.The dept of both the cleft and fissure is 30 feet.Wht makes it look like a cave to the ordinary observer is the fact that in the other portion of the large cleft , an enormous rock , weighing several tones ,have fallen forming a roof ovr a large part of it.
The Microlithis (Tools of the Mesolitic Period) was first discovered at the Kuppamudi Estate in 1890 Colin Mackenzie, he invited the Superintentent of Malabar District Police Mr Fawcett‘s and with the help of tribes like Mullakurumars and Panniars , Fawett’s cut a path to the Edakkal caves in 1894 . The edakkal cave carvings clearly represent human and animal figures .the human figures that appear frequently in the carvings as that of a man with peculiar Head –Dress, made with sharp stone tools.
It was through this forest clearing he made several attemts to explore the details of the caves.He published about it’s finding in 1901 which was studied in depth by many arechologists .Some of the important findings were the frequent occurince of Swasthika The Swastika turns up in 16 different forms of sun system.The drawings according to Fawcett’s were drawn by the predessors of Mullakurumar Tribes or the the devil worshipping Tribes in the neighbouhood.
The Kuppamudi estate was opened in 1880 by the pioneers and was under the ownership odf Mr Colin Mackenzie Colin Mackenzie was the brother of William Mackenzie, a pioneer in the High Ranges Mr Colin had interests in the Pannier tea estate near Munnar opened by the Pioneers in Rubber,he moved to High ranges in 1907 and by 1915, he reached Nillgirs who retired as a senior planter in 1925.The edakkal caves are close to the estate, which was exposed to the world by Mr Colin and his friendMr Fawcetts.
Places of outdoor interests are plenty in the Land of Rains, Forests and Hill Paddy .
Today Wayanad still retain a part of the old magic of one unbroken mantle of green , serene and inviolate, stretching a far The land is for the most part under cultivation, and generations of planters have transformed the jungle into highly profitable plantations of coffee,cardamoms, Vanilla and orange.
Almost every conceivable inch of the Mist- wrapped undulating land of wynaad have coffee, perrer ,Cinnamon and cardamom on the midland growing on them , hedged by lush rainforest that stuns the eye with that special green only for Wynaaad.
For the Wildlife experiences we need to seek out the other two towns , namely Mananthavady and Sulthan Bathery , from were it is easier to access the Wayanad Wildlife Santuary .
Wildlife truly roams free in Wynaad’s sanctuaries of Muthanga , Begur , and Tholpetty Stunning orchids , spicy pepper , coffee berries and fragrant cardamomms , tall stands of Bamboo , rubber and tropical fruit trees area part of the vast streach whicg gradually take you into the Nilgiri Biosphere from the upper slope.
Lakkidi, often refered as the gateway to Wynaad , is 2297 feet atop Thamarassery Ghat Pass, beyond which lie the lowlands and the coast.After Megalaya’s Chirapunji , the small area of Mawsynaram a ,Lakkidi registers the second highest degree of rain fall in the world.
Drive out from Lakkidi towards the ghat pass just before the Ghat begins, -the Chain Tree of Lakkidi , a Banyan tree with chains wrapped around the trunk . The legend goes that a British engineer who did not know the road to Calicaut to wayanad, was shown by an Adivasi ( Tribal Man).
Later the englisman claimed to have discovered it on his own and killed the advasi to preserve his claim. Soon roads were built over Thamarasshery Ghat Pass and waynaad was thrown open to the Kozikode ( Calicut ) Coast. But the new road witnessed a spate of accidents soon after compleation .A priest was called who attributed the accidents to the restless soul of the Adivasi and it is believed that his soul was chained on the tree.
Chempara Peak, at 6890 Ft above sea level , Chempara Peak is the highest Peak in Wynaad Hills. Just 24 kms from Vythri .It takes a whole day to trek to the peak from thre base at Meppadi near Kalpetta , and the trail is in variably wet and slippery due to the incessant rain that feed the perennial lake at the top of the peak. The trail goes through a tea plantations whose beauty will add to the fun of the trek.
Sentinal rock water falls
This waterfalls is at Vellarimala village near Chooralamala in Meppadi Panchyat It is a picnic spot as well as a trekking centre .The sentinel rock , a rock of more than 200m in height is in the Sentinal Rock estate ,ideal for rock climbing.
Kuruva Islands, 950 acres of evergreen forests on the tributeries of east flowing Kabini River The island is uninhabited and is ta bird watchers pardise.It is situvated 17 kms east of Mannatavady and 40 kms nort west of Sultan Battery.Ideal as a picnic spot who wants to escape into taranquilty.
Pakshipathalam
In the Bhramagiri hills of Thirunelli ,is a challenging spot for any adventure seeking tourist. To reack Pakshipathalam 17 kms have to be travesed through forest ,The deep rock caves ,formed among thick blocks of rocks at the northern top end of Bramagiri , are the abode of various birds and wildlife.
Waynad Wildlife Santuary
Located in Nort –East Kerala in the Nilgiri Biosphere , bordering Karnataka and TamilNadu, the Wayanad Wls is spread across two disconnected parts .The Muthanga side lies along the Kerala ,Karnataka and Tamilnadu Border , while the Tholpetty side is contiguous with Karnataka’s Nagarhole National Park.
Established in 1973,forms part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve , the first of the14 bispheres in India ,which also includes Silent Valley and Nilambur’s Forest Slopes ,specially formed for conservation Purposes.The sanctuary also falls under project elephant , launched in 1991-92 aiming procetion of elephant population..The sanctuary is spread over 345sq kms which makes it the second largest sanctuary in Kerala.
The sanctuary is split into two portions that are not interconnected because of plantations , a fact that in itself points to the extent of human pressure on the forest Eucalyptus and Bamboo are grown here for industrial purpose .As all these stand on the land that was originally forest , animals often enter the plantations and settlement for food ,leading to man –to animal conflict. In 2003 there was a major conflict on this issue between the government and the tribals settled on the land , which is just about being solved by the authorities.
Sulthan Bathery is considered the headquarters of the sanctuary .Muthanga Wildlife Range and Tholpetty Wildlife Range are the two entry points into the sanctuary.
Muthanga is contigious with the Bandipur National Park in Karnataka and the Mudumalai WLS in Tamilnadu while Tholpetty Wildlife Range is contigious with Nagarhole National Park in Karnataka .In other words , Wayanad , Mudumalai , Nagarhole and Bandipur constitute a single large forest tract separted only by political boundaries.
The main and perhaps only activity possible to a visitor to this sanctuary is to go on jeep safari.Animal sighting are best in the early hours or in the evening just before sunset.
The Drive
In the course of a day’s safari you can axpect to see elephants , gaurs , herds of deer and wild pig in significant numbers,if you are lucky ,may be a leapord or even a tiger.
One thing to bear in mind is that elephants in wayanad forests are more tempermental than their counterparts in other sanctuaries .Crop raiding brings them into close contact with humans being a man- animal confrontation are common with disastrous consequences on both sdes .So observe the rules strictly and do not venture into the forest by leaving the vehicle, wear dull coloured clothes ,keep silence allow the animals to tresspass in its own pace if it comes along your track.
Bird Watching
Wayanad is a paradise for bird watching , which must be carried out with the rules abiding to the forest. You can find a variety of birds like Crested Hawk Eagle , The king Vulture , The Crested serpant Eagle and the Malabar Grey Hornbill and many more.
Wynaad is on top of the tourist destination with its unique nature and its offerings. Some of the best eco tourism resorts are located at the Vythiri, and Kalpetta.
Nilgiri (North West Tamilnadu)
 |
 |
| GOLF COURSE AT WELLINGTON DEFENCE CENTER |
MASANAGUDI |
 |
 |
| ROAD TO REDHILLS | STEP POTATO FARMING |
 |
 |
| GLENDALE ESTATE | GLENDALE ESTATE |
 |
 |
| MOUNTAIN RAIL | FERNHILL PALACE - OOTY |
 |
 |
| COONOOR | UPASI HEADQUARTERS - COONOOR |
The Nilgiri (Tamil or literally: Blue Mountains), often referred to as the Nilgiri Hills, are a range of mountains with at least 24 peaks above 2,000 meters, in the westernmost part of Tamil Nadu at the junction of Karnataka and Kerala in Southern India. They are part of the larger Western Ghats mountain chain making up the western edge of the Deccan Plateau.
The hills are separated from the Karnataka plateau to the north by the Noyar River and from the Anaimalai Hills and Palni Hills to the south by the Palghat Gap. The Nilgiris District of Tamil Nadu lies within these mountains. Its latitudinal and longitudinal dimensions are 130 Km (Latitude: 10.38 to 11.49 N) by 185 Km (Longitude: 76.0 E to 77.15 E).
The Nilgiri Hills were part of Chera Empire in ancient times. Later it fell into the hand of Ganga dynasty, and then Hoysala empire under king Vishnuvardhana in the 12th century. They then became part of the Kingdom of Mysore of Tipu Sultan who later surrendered them to the British in the 18th century.
John Sullivan, the British governor of neighbouring Coimbatore province, liked the climate of this forested land, and occupied it by taking land from the native tribes (Toda, kurumba and Badaga); often buying up many square kilometers.
The hills were developed rapidly under the British Raj because they were almost entirely owned by private British citizens, unlike the rest of India. Ooty served as the summer capital of the Madras Presidency, and had winding hill roads and a complicated rack railway system built by influential and enterprising British citizens with venture capital from the Madras government.
The district’s major township Ooty a well known as a tourist destination. Most of the less crowded places are spread just outside a 20 km radius of main Ooty township which is today in the rush of travelers from all over India almost 6 months a year.
Plantations upon the hills
Coonoor and Kotagiri
On a ridge near the highest point in Nilgiri ranges almost 20 kms towards South West of Ooty The tea is grown in lower slopes of plataue at Kotagiri and Coonoor , which can claim for the oldest Tea areas outside China planted way back in 1840s.Taishola estate is considered as the first of these were Chinese Prisoners is said to have planted Tea seeds which was encouraged and taken up seriolsly by a few Europenas in the area . The district has other industries,of milk products and have large area under vegetable cultivation. and a major Army cantonment that houses the Defence Services Staff College and the Madras Regimental Centre at Wellington However, it is primarily a tea growing area, which produces some of the best tea in South India.
Glendale of the Kothari’s at Conoor –Kunta road and Dunsandle Estate, situated in the better-known Nilgiri hills,near ooty is a high elevation estate at over 6,000 feet above sea level. It produces typical high elevation teas with the distinctive Nilgiri aroma and flavor, which markets some if the fine brands of the oldest tea in South India, some of it over a hundred years and fifty old - and still going strong.
The U.P.A.S.I head quartes is at Coonoor and the tea auctions are held at Coimbatore. The high grown teas of Nilgiris are unique in flavor.
Bandipur –Mudumalai National Parks.
Along the Mysore -Ooty Highway , at the Foothills of Nilgiri Mountains , lies some of India’s best elephant country .Admisitered separately , the Bandipur National Park (Karnataka ) ,the Mudumalai Wildlife Santuary (Tamil Nadu) are but componenets of a single spectacular ecological continuumthat also include Nargarhole (towards Coorg direction Karnataka ) and Wynaad (In Kerala ).The sanctuary can be accessed easily from many direction in Kerala , Tamilnadu and Karnataka.
Bandipur and Mudumalai are located in the lower reaches of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve , which is part of the Western Ghats biodiversity Hotspot.This area was once the hunting ground of the Wodeyar Royals of Mysore The Mudumalai Santuary was set up in 1940 , becoming the first sanctuary in SouthIndia .Covering a steach of 60 sq kn initially , the santtuary was expanded to 295 sq km by 1956 and thereafter to its present size of 321 sq km .
Mudumalai is oriented towards tourism ; the forest department has well organized trekking routes inside thwe park , and organize safaris on request.This area receives two monsoons:the South –West (June-Sep) and the North –East (Oct –Nov).A brief cool dry season (Dec –Jan) is followed by summer(Feb-May).This region has a moderate climate all year round and can be visited in any season.Wildlife sighting are fewer in summer compared to other seasons .Unlike temperate forest , these tropical deciduous forests are leafless in summer.
Bandipur Safari Lodge
Another J LR property of Karnataka Government offering great adventure by naturlists and commited Tribals.
This elegant safari lodge is adjacent to the Bandipur Tiger Reserve and stands against the backdrop of the Nilgiri. Set in the erstwhile hunting ground of the Mysore Royals , the lodge offer elegant rooms with modern amenities ans a spacious bath.There is a gazebo or Gol Ghar where cozy campfire buffet dinners are organized .There is also a restraint called “Pug Mark”that is open to guests and highway travelers .Open jeep Safaris at sundown and trekkinginside thwe park are the main attractions .
Places of interests in Coorg
Merkara
Madikeri, capital of the district is named after Third king of Haleri dynasty; Mudduraja. He established this city, thus to be known as Mudduraja Keri, which over a period of time became Madikeri, later British pronounced it as Mercara.
Madikeri Fort
Originally a Mud fort which was re built by Tippu Sultan in 1787 when he ruled the province for a short while of five years .Inside the fort is the palace of the Lingyat rulers, a simple double storied structure , a pale reflection of the grand palace seen elsewere.
Raja’s Seat
One kilometer from the madikeri junction this is were the Kodagi Kings would view the many –splendoured sunrises and sunsets.The view is mesmerizing over the grey – blue crags of the Western Ghats.
Abbi Falls.
Abbi in Kodava dialect means “Falls” This beautiful waterfalls is 5 kms from Madikeri is inside a privately owned coffee Estate .
Most of the places for intresting visits in and aroung Coorg (Main place is Madikeri ) varies within 30-to 50 kms.
Bylekuppe
which 35 kms away is the home of the largest settlement of Tibetans in South India .The attractions arethe awe–inspiring NamdrolingMonastry ,the flea Market and the little hole –in- the –wall eateries which serve momos.
Talacauvery is 45 kms away which is the birth place of Cauvery River and therefore has immense relegios significance .It is situvated on the slopes of Bhramagiri Hill 4187 Ft Msl and 7 kms from Bhagamandala .On the auspicious Tula Sankarmana (usually 17TH October every year as the sun enter Libra , the Goddess Cuvery makes her appearance in the form of a gushing spring.This region is also associated with Pandaava Brothers of the Epic Mahabharatha There are steps leading to Bramagiri Hills from were glimpses of KudreMukh (North Mysore) Chamundi Hills ,Wynaad and Nilgiris are visible.
Dubare Elephant Camp
The Dubare Elephant Camp is sandwhiched between the south banks of the Cauvery and Dubare Reserve forest of Coorg District 40 kms from Madikeri. This was were the Mysore Royals used to train elephants for the famous Dasara Fesivals.(Fesival of Lights ) the road to the camp , near Kushalnagar , passes through verdant fields of rice paddy . Then you traverse a gushing river in a boat .In summer you can just walk cross the river stepping on th exposed rocks. The camp , a settlement of 30 tribal families , was once engaged in the capture and training of wild elephants.
Excursions from Coorg
Nagarhole
The national park derives its name from its snake –like winding streams.Renamed as the Rajiv Gandhi National Park in 1992 here is particularly the well run wildlife sanctuary spread over an area of 284 sq Km .Tropical and decisdious forest and belts of swampy grpund at the head of the streams, and a host of wildlife ,makes it a must- see when in Coorg or in Mysore
The distance is 200 kms from Madikeri via virajpet and from 80kms Mysore , enroute we may halt for Iruppu Falls , a pilgrim centre .The Shiva temple is said to have been dedicated byLord Rama’himself on the banks of the Lakmanatheertha River , a tributary of Cauvery .
Kabini
The Kabini River (a tributary of River Cauvery ) runs between Bandipur and Nagarahole, two of the richest National Parks at the foothills of the Western Ghats in Southern India. These forests cover around 1500 sq. km (580 sq. miles) and are a mix of tropical moist and dry deciduous types.
The region around Kabini river supports tree species like Teak, Mathi, Dindla, Sandalwood, Rosewood and many more along with bamboo and other grasses.
The fauna boasts more than 300 species of birds, including the endemic Malabar Trogon and Malabar Pied Hornbill, the Crested Hawk-eagle as well as an impressive assemblage of herbivores like the Asiatic Elephant, the Gaur (Indian Bison) and the Sambar. Which results in a high density of prey in this region.
This in turn, supports a large and thriving population of predators like the Tiger (incidentally, the Nagarahole region is said to have the highest density of Tigers in India), the Leopard and the Indian Wild Dog.
The backwaters of the Kabini reservoir are now an important perennial water source where one can witness the largest and most spectacular congregations of Asiatic Elephants during peak summers.
Main wildlife attractions at Kabini
Kabini river that cuts between the Nagarahole and Bandipur National Parks of Karnataka and is the centre-stage for wildlife in the region. Kabini plays host to over 300 species of birds including the Malabar trogon, Malabar whistling thrush, Malabar pied-hornbill, crested serpent-eagle, crested hawk-eagle, common hawk cuckoo, changeable hawk eagle, Indian Roller, Indian reed, woodpeckers, warblers, grey jungle fowl, water fowl, scarlet minivet, ospreys, ducks, herons, red vented bulbul, ring dove, common babbler, red whiskered bulbul and more.
Kabini river that cuts between the Nagarahole and Bandipur National Parks of Karnataka and is the centre-stage for wildlife in the region. Kabini plays host to over 300 species of birds including the Malabar trogon, Malabar whistling thrush, Malabar pied-hornbill, crested serpent-eagle, crested hawk-eagle, common hawk cuckoo, changeable hawk eagle, Indian Roller, Indian reed, woodpeckers, warblers, grey jungle fowl, water fowl, scarlet minivet, ospreys, ducks, herons, red vented bulbul, ring dove, common babbler, red whiskered bulbul and more.
Places of interest in BR Hills .
BR Hills used to be a mere temple on a hillock with a rarely visited Wildlife sanctuary from a Tourists Point of view until the Karnataka’s prime adventure and tour operators –The Jungle Lodges & Resorts (JLR)transformed it into the wildest vacationing spot in Karnataka by 2003.
The BRT Wildlife Santuary
The santuary spread over 534 sq kms of undulating hills,is a treasure house of varied animal life. Also known as Billigiri Rangaswamy Temple wildlife sanctuary was formed in june 1974 close to the BR Temple precincts , with an area of 322 sq kms .It was expanded to the present area in 1987 .the two entry points to the sanctuary are Chamrajnagar and Yelandur .which are around 40 kms apart.
Boodipadaga
Deep inside the sanctuary is the famous residence of the Mysore royals in the 1900 for their hunting trips. .Now slightly derelict, It was here that elephants were trapped by the pit method by G.P.Sanderson in 1880s had a full site with all assistance from the tribal’s. Today it is a forest Inspection Bunglow.
And it is here that the scourge of the jungle brigand Veerappan was incarcerated for a few weeks in 1986.It was also from here that he famously escaped, then eluded capture for many years until eventually he was killed in 2006. The 8 km drive on the game road to reach Boodipadaga IB is atreat , as you’ll go past many waterholes were herds of elephants usually congregate
Billigiri Rangaswamy Temple
This centuries –old temple dedicated to Lord Rangaswamy and is perched atop a hill on the edge of a granite precipice reached by 150 odd steps.Nearby is a 1000 ft drop to the forest below which offer a spectacular view at sunset.Coffee estates and tribal settlements dot the landscape .
The only time the trickle of locals to the secluded temple becomes a deluge is during the Ratha (Chariot) festival that takes place every April.The temple houses a pair of outsized Sandals measuring one foot and nine inches! Local legend contends that Rangaswamy uses these sandals to roam the adjoining forests after sundown to keep vigil of the forest , Almost as if by logical extension , the sandals wear out and are replaced by the villagers every two tears.who claim that they are alerted about it in their dreams.
K Gudi Camp is past Vandarbal Village at the foot hills from Chamrajnagar, also accessable via Yelandur side .K Gudi is short for Kyatedevaragudi , named after a jungle diety Kyateshwara, whose shrine exists in the vicinity of the decades- old hunting bungalow of the Wodeyars ,the former royals of Mysore. Reaching K Gudi is quite a thrill as the road weaves up a steep road through dense jungle sure of wildlife at close quarters.There has been many occasions when even a panther and a tiger have been seen on this road in broad daylight.
Dodda Sampige Mara
Dodda Sampige mara literally the “Big Champak Tree” in the local language. This is a mammoth Champak tree(10meter girt x 30 meter height ) deep inside the forest that is locally revered., worshipped specially on Mondays and Fridays .According to Soliga Tribals Sage Agastya (the developer of Ayurveda) planted it some 2000 years ago.The stream flowing nearby to where the tree stands is a sight to behold .Approach is only by jeep. The old giant tree still flowers in season .The Soliga tribals belvive it is the abode of Lord Rangaswamy .It is believed that other deities also reside here , represented by 101 stone Shiva lingas lying near the base.
North Mysore
Chikmangalur-Hassan (North Mysore )
The southwestern part of Karnataka Carved against a mountainous canvas this beautiful malnad district is full of surprises... lofty peaks... delightful dales... racing rivers... sparkling streams... captivating cascades... and the bracing mountain air - a balm to the work-weary. Climb high above the world where the mountains seem to touch the sky. Marvel at the unspoilt beauty of the snow-white coffee blossoms. To add adventure to enchantment this hilly district has some exciting trekking routes in the Western Ghats.
In Chickmagalur district, the major commercial crop is coffee. Other commercial crops are Pepper, Cashew nuts Mullaingiri, the highest peak in Karnataka (6,317 feet) is 12 Kms away from Chickmagalur.
Location : Lying between 12° 13´ and 13° 33´ North latitudes and 75° 33´ and 76º38´ East longitude, Hassan district has a total area of 6826.15 Sq. Kms.. The average rainfall is about 1031 mms annually. Coffee, Black Pepper, Potato, Paddy and Sugarcane are the major agricultural.
Chikmagalur is a district in Karnataka where coffee was first cultivated in India The hill stations, the waterfalls, the historical temples and the wildlife sanctuaries make this region a tourist paradise. It is alternatively spelled Chikkamagaluru, which literally means ‘The town of the younger daughter’ in the native Kannada language. The town is said to have been given as a dowry to the younger daughter of Rukmangada, the legendary chief of Sakrepatna and hence the name. Indeed, there is a town called Hiremagaluru - ‘the town of the elder daughter’ - about 5 km from Chikmagalur.
Number of rivers originates from the hills of Chickmagalur district and flow in all the seasons.In Rivers such as, Bhadra, Tunga, Hemavathi, and Netravathi & Vedavathi several minerals are found in the district such as iron, magnetite, and granite etc., major iron Ore Company in Asia is located at Kudremukha in Mudigere taluk of Chickmagalur district which was closed in 2000 aftere being in minng for almost 70 years.
The district head quarters of Chikmagalur district is 250 km from the state capital Bangalore, and surrounded by the Baba Budan Giri hills and dense forests
Kemmangundi
55 km north of Chikmagalur; height of 1,434 meters; thick forests and a salubrious climate through the year. Ensconced by the Baba Budan Giri range and blessed with mountain streams and lush vegetation. Beautifully laid out ornamental gardens, enchanting mountain views and spectacular sunsets. Great for treks; has peaks to scale and jungle paths to explore.
Kallathigiri Falls: 10 km from Kemmangundi; also known as Kalahasti falls; 122 meters high; close by is an old temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, constructed in a gap between rocks.
Hebbe Falls: 10 km from Kemmangundi; 168 meters high; Two-stage cascade forming Dodda Hebbe (Big Falls) and Chikka Hebbe (Small Falls).
Mullayanagiri
16 km from Chikmagalur; a part of the Baba Budan Giri Hill Ranges; 1930 meters above sea level; tallest peak in Karnataka; spectacular sunset views; great for trekking, right up to the peak even; the small hillock in the temple compound at the top is the highest point in Karnataka.
Datta Peetha (Baba Budan Giri)
North of Chikmagalur; has one of the highest mountain peaks between the Himalayas and the Nilgiris. The peak takes its present name from the Muslim saint, Baba Budan, who resided here more than 150 years ago.
Manikyadhara Falls: Manikyadhara Falls is a waterfall near Datta Peetha.
Guru Dattatreya Bababudanswamy Dargah: On the Baba Budan Giri; Imam Dattatreya Peetha venerated by the Hindus and the Muslims alike; laterite cave believed to have been stayed in by Dattatreya Swami and Hazrat Dada Hayat Mir Khalander.
Sringeri
90 km west of Chikmagalur, on the banks of Tunga; Vedic Peetha established by Sri Adi Shankara, exponent of the Advaita philosophy in 9th Century A.D.; famous for Vidyashankara Temple originally constructed by the Hoysalas and later completed by the founders of the Vijayanagar Empire, and Sharada temple, an early 20th. century addition. In the Vidya Shankara shrine, there are 12 zodiac pillars, which are so constructed that the rays of the sun fall on the pillar corresponding to the month.
Horanadu
100 km southwest of Chikmagalur; has an ancient Annapoorneshwari Temple, now called Adi-Shaktyatmaka Shri Annapoorneshwari.
Amritapura
67 km north of Chikmagalur; known for the Amritheshwara temple built in 1196 A.D by Amriteshwara Dandanayaka, a general of the Hoysala ruler Veera Ballala II.
Belavadi
29 km southeast of Chikmagalur, 10 km north west of Halebidu; famous for ornate temple of Veeranarayana temple and the Udbhava Ganapathi temple.
Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary
495 sq.km wildlife sanctuary and Project Tiger reserve; the huge reservoir here is the main water supply to several districts in the rain shadow regions of south Karnataka; forests rich in bamboo and birds species unique to both the Malabar and Sahyadri ranges.
Singampatti
MANIMUTYHAR - SINGAMPATTI
The Singampatti rainforest of Tamilnadu is one of the few tropical rainforests left in India. This forest, which occurs along the Western Ghats of South India, houses a vast diversity of plants and animals. Nevertheless, this bountiful ecosystem is as fragile as the other forests of its kind. The lush green plants and trees that stretch as far as the eye can see, blind us to the poor fertility conditions of the soil under our feet. The Bombay Burmah Trading Company Ltd., which owns a part of the Singampatti forestland, has resorted to organic farming of its agricultural products to help minimize the damage to the ecosystem.
"Singampatti" is a Tamil term for "hamlet of lions," which suggests that the "king of the forest" once roamed in large numbers in these jungles. It is perched on the southeast tip of the Western Ghats and reflects nature's beauty at its elegant best. People who visit swear to return to this 'Eden' time and again to listen to the chirping of birds, rustling of leaves, or to simply dream,lost in the majesty of tall trees, beautiful flowering plants, wild animals and the wonderful world of insects and birds. Singampatti is part of the legendary Agasthya hills along the Bay of Bengal and flanked by the Kakachi forests and Kalakad Sanctuary.
Fort Kochi-Through the History
The history of Fort Kochi starts from the first half of the 14th century. This eustary is belived to have been formed in the 1340’s due to cataclysmic floods. It was an obscure fishing hamlet without any importance, but as it was a natural gateway to the Kochi harbour, gradually it grew in importance as travellers from far and wide came to Kochi. The Arabs were the first to dropanchor at Kochi to trade in spices. After the Arabs came the Chinese in their huge vessels in large numbers and settled along the coast of Kochi and nearby places. The huge magnificient Chinese fishing nets along the coast of Kochi is a reminder of the days of Chienese settlers and merchants.
During the days of colonization Fort Kochi transformed itself into a flourishing European town. It is perhaps the only place in the whole world which was ruled in succession by three European super powers. Vasco de Gama was the first european to set foot on the soil of Kerala in 1500. Alvarey Cabral the Portuguese navigator came to Kerala and owing to enmity with the zamurin of Calicut, the Raja of Kochi welcomed them and a treaty of friendship was signed. The Raja permitted the Portuguese to built a fort at Kochi at the states expence. This fort was built of the trunks of coconut tree and was named the Manuel Fort after King Manuel of Portugal. Inside the fort, the Portuguese built awell planned town with several streets having bungalow model buildings on either side. The portugues domination of the economic and political affairs at Kochi went on till 1663. This domination was ended by the dutch invaders. The triving spice trade invited the attention of the Dutch who attacked Kochi with the intention of blowing up the fort. After prolonged assault and counter offensive the Potuguese surrendered and the fort passed into the hands of the Dutch. The Dutch never intended to make Kochi their home. They just built a residence for their governers at fort Kochi. After the revolution in France the Dutch government recognised the French revolutionary government and also approved the exploits of Napolean Bonaparte, a sworn enemy of the British empire. The British government at Madras demanded the surrender of the Dutch at Kochi. The English were for long impressed by the strategic importance of Fort Kochi. The small Dutch army was no match for the Britishers, helped by the soldiers of Samorin of Calicut, and they surrendered the fort to them without much resistance. The British east india Company and the British ruled over fort Kochi till the Indian independence and benefitted much from the spice trading.
Monuments and bastions built during the colonial rule
St.Francis Church
St. Francis church is reputed to be the earliest Eropean-christian place of worship in South India. Vasco da Gama was buried here and the remains were later moved to Lisbon though the tombstone still remains. the original structure was made of timber by Portugues Franciscan frriars and later reconstructed in stone masonary by the protestant Dutch.
The Dutch Cemetery
It was built by the Dutch to bury their martyrs of the Dutch invasions. The tombstons inside the cemetery are the most authentic records of European dwelling and colonisation.
Basilica of Santa Cruz
This church was built by the Portuguese and Pope Paul iv elevated it to a cathedral in 1558. The British demolished the original building and later a new building was commissioned which was proclaimed as a Basilica by Pope John Paul ii. Built in the neo-classical style the pulpit is carved on wood.
Fort Immanuel
The fort built in 1503 was symbolic of the strategic alliance between the Raja of Kochi and the Portuguese. The Dutch and the British destroyed most of the forts walls and bastion.
Vasco House
This 16th century house is believed to be the residence of Vasco da Gamma and is one of the oldest structures of Fort Kochi.
The “T” Towns of plantation
The plantation history finds three places in Tamilnadu with great association to the Industry. Tamilnadu which today hold the major part of the plantations of Tea and rubber in South India have contributed to the labour in developing estates .
Tirunelvely, Trichinapoly and Theni were the prime suppliers of the vast labour strength which extended beyond India to the major South east Asian countries Malaya, Indonasia Burma , Fiji, Mauritius and Ceylon. .In a rough count of heads eight out of ten labourers come from a single area of Sriviliputhur in Tirunelvely District.In South –Western tip of Tamilnadu adjoining Travancore . Trichinapoly was the hub all recruitments being in the central district of Tamilnadu .It was from Theni and the adjoining areas of Bhodinaykanur in Madurai District were the first gang of men were harnessed to Munnar and Periyar .Most of the plantations companies maintained a very strong relation with the rulers of these regions and had major establishments at these towns.
Chettinad
A closely knit cluster of villages dotting the scrubby flatland around the town of karaikkudi in the semi –arid Sivaganga district of south central Tamilnadu almost 80 kms East of Madurai and 400kms south west of Chennai .
The place were you a really feel the glorious past of a community of great enterprenuars for the last eight centuries as province under the Pandya Kings. Their connection with the plantation community in the 18TH centuary earned then a lot of riches as they at a time became large planters in South East Asian countries following the English planters.
Information and places of interest in Shevaroy
Yercaud
Yercaud is quiet little hill station on the wich meet wth the western ghats near Billigiri at the Eastern ghats is the only one of its kind in northern Tamil Nadu.Yercaud is situvated on the southern part of plataue , at an elevation averaging 4500’ feet Yercaud probably owes its exisitance to its proximity to Salem , for there are higher and more salubrious sites elsewere on the Shevaroys were a settlement could be made; but Yercaud was visited first before the rest of the Shevaroys was probably explored ,and theerection of of a few houses determined the site of future “town’.The first house was built by the Rev .J.M.Lechler , who visited the hills in 1841 in company with Mr Brett , then Sub –Collector.
While the rest of this region is generally dry, Yercaud presents a welcome contrast with its cool climate where temperature never rises above 30 º C and dip below 13 º C. The peaceful hill station of Yercaud nestles among coffee plantations and thickly forested slopes and is a good place for trekking and boating.
Yercaud itself cannot be called picturesque, but on a stroll of a mile or two will reveal some of the grandest scenaries in SouthIndia .Perhaps the finest view can be obtained from the “Pagoda Point “at 4507’feet which commands the mighty ridges of the Tenande-malai and Kalrayans to the east, and the whole of the Salem –Attur Valley which is backed by the massive bulk of the Kolli-malai and Pachai-malai ranges.and relieved by the nearer ridges of Boda-malai and Jerugu-malai. (Malai means Mountains)In the forground isa splendid cliff, on the southern buttresses of the Shevaroy hills mass and many hundred feet below is the pictersque “BeeHive “village of Kakambadi.”Lady’s seat “(4548’) Prospect Point( 4759) ‘and Bear Hill (4828’), command the great plain of Tiruchengode and Omalut Taluks, backed by the mountains of Coimbatore and Mysore Plataue . On a clear day the Palnis, Anamallias and Nilgiri are visible. Further afield is Duffs’s Hill with a fine westward prospect and theShevraroyan itself, with the moss –clad temples nestling in an exquisite glen beside a sacred well of limpid water.
The best view to the north is obtained from Cauvery Peak. A lovely view of the Vanniar Valley and its sister ravines can be had at the bend of the new Vellala-Kadai road where it doubles back to Maja –Kuttai.
The Yercaud to Nagallur affords many charming glimpses of the westward hills, and the Ampitheatre of hills in which Mangalam is situvated is well worth a visit.
Yercaud being a sanatarium was favourte resort for Missionaries, anong them, Catholics, Anglicans, The London mission, The Leipzig Luthern Mission and the Danish Mission, all of whom have their chapels and bungalows in the vicinity.
BACKWATERS OF KERALA
Alleppy
The once busy Alleppy port was the head quarters of major export houses of Coconut , Coir and Pepper . The district was from the 17TH centuary an area under diverse cultivation of tropical produces and mainly food crops of paddy and coconuts .Alleppy is the famous region which was termed at once the Venice of the East , the villages net worked with cannals for small and medium country boats .
Today the trade ,coir produces and the heritage have added the backwater tourism in a unique way which may be a listed in the “must do” for a traveler of any kind visiting India. The main attraction is the Vembanad Lake,and the serene house boat cruises along the low lying land were paddy is cultivated below sea level , of land prepared by controlling water logging done manually according to tides , all intiated by the pioneers and followed by enterprisng farmers and land lords .The most striking name being the Murikan Family . The sothern side is the district have may famous temples and unique rituals .Ancient churches dating back to AD 600 onwards is a testimony of Chritian settlers in the areas within 20 square kilometers of main Alleppy.
Palm Fibre Company
One of the prime coir produces for export can be seen on a visit to the Works along the N H 220 near Alleppy called Palm Fibre india.
Backwaters of Kerala- The Boon of Nature
The Backwaters of Kerala has rightfully earned its place in the world tourism map as one of the most enchanting holiday destinations in the world. Kerala is a narrow, enigmatic strip of land that nuzzles the Arabian sea all along the southwest coast of India. The Vembanad Lake a futher extension of the sea into the mainland is the heart of the backwater country. The western coast of the districts of Ernakulam, Kottayam, Alappuzha and Kollam form the palm fringed margin of the emerald backwaters. Four major rivers and the millions of canals and waterways- some wide enough to be dubbed lakes and some nothing but snaking slivers of fresh water- empty their water into the Vembanad. These canals, brooks, rivers and waterwys are rich with marine bounty and their shores teemed with mangroves, coconut palms and other wetland bushes are home to a thousand variety of birds.
As 40% of the landscape is dominated by water it is no surprise that life here quite literally revolves around the universal solvent. To the natives the backwaters and their coastlines are the main supplier of food and the main provider of employment- be it traditional fishing, boat building, coconut farming, paddy cultivation or toddy tapping. Naturally family life too revolves around the amphibious communes who are enthusiastic, polite and friendly.
The Snake Boat races are stunning, colorful pageantry with scores of sleek bodied, shining black boats competing each other. The long wooden boats powered by 150 able bodied oarsmen glide across the backwaters at break neck speed to victory. The backwaters are the ideal locale for the enthusiastic bird watchers with thousands of waterbirds, migratory birds and other winged inhabitants. The paddy fields of Kuttanad were cultivation is done some two meters below sea level is another facinating part of the backwaters. The canals which run across the unendingly spread paddy fields are separated by dykes and are excellent for navigation. The winding waterways are best traversed in a quaint houseboat or in sleek darting Vallam (country boat)
• Activities in Kerala backwaters.
• Visit local villages and see the life that meanders through the back waters.
• House boat and country boats ride
• Visit coir making units
• Learn local methods of fishing